Compared to men, women view professional advancement as equally attainable, but less desirable
Compared to men, women view professional advancement as equally attainable, but less desirable
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1502567112
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发表时间：
2015-10-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Brooks, Alison Wood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gino, Francesca;Wilmuth, Caroline Ashley;Brooks, Alison Wood
在组织的大多数高级职位中，妇女的代表性不足。尽管大量研究提供的证据表明，偏见和歧视导致并延续了这种性别差异，但在当前的研究中，我们探讨了另一种解释：男性和女性对职业晋升的看法不同，他们的观点影响他们攀登企业阶梯（或不攀登）的决定。在研究 1 和 2 中，当被要求列出她们的核心生活目标时，女性总体上比男性列出了更多的生活目标，而与在工作中获得权力相关的目标比例较小。在研究 3 和 4 中，与男性相比，女性认为高层职位不太理想，但同样可以实现。在研究 57 中，当面临在当前工作单位升职或大学毕业后获得高权力职位的可能性时，女性和男性预期的积极结果水平相似（例如，声望和金钱），但女性预期更多的消极结果（例如，冲突和权衡）。在这些研究中，女性将高层职位与冲突联系在一起，这解释了性别与职业晋升愿望之间的关系。最后，在研究 8 和 9 中，男性和女性都将权力视为职业进步的主要后果之一。我们的研究结果表明，男性和女性对担任高级职位的经历有不同的看法，这对组织层次结构顶层存在的性别差异的长期存在具有有意义的影响。
Women are underrepresented in most high-level positions in organizations. Though a great deal of research has provided evidence that bias and discrimination give rise to and perpetuate this gender disparity, in the current research we explore another explanation: men and women view professional advancement differently, and their views affect their decisions to climb the corporate ladder (or not). In studies 1 and 2, when asked to list their core goals in life, women listed more life goals overall than men, and a smaller proportion of their goals related to achieving power at work. In studies 3 and 4, compared to men, women viewed high-level positions as less desirable yet equally attainable. In studies 57, when faced with the possibility of receiving a promotion at their current place of employment or obtaining a high-power position after graduating from college, women and men anticipated similar levels of positive outcomes (e.g., prestige and money), but women anticipated more negative outcomes (e.g., conflict and tradeoffs). In these studies, women associated high-level positions with conflict, which explained the relationship between gender and the desirability of professional advancement. Finally, in studies 8 and 9, men and women alike rated power as one of the main consequences of professional advancement. Our findings reveal that men and women have different perceptions of what the experience of holding a high-level position will be like, with meaningful implications for the perpetuation of the gender disparity that exists at the top of organizational hierarchies.