Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?
Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?
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DOI：
10.3748/wjg.v20.i5.1192
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发表时间：
2014-02-07
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Mukhopadhya, Indrani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hold, Georgina L.;Smith, Megan;Mukhopadhya, Indrani
在过去的十年中，我们对微生物参与炎症性肠病（IBD）发病机制的理解呈指数级增长。2001年开发了用于全球评估肠道微生物组和鉴定含核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域的蛋白2以及克罗恩病的其他易感基因的新分子工具，特别是导致更好地了解IBD的病因。微生物研究已经阐述了肠道微生物组的正常组成及其在IBD背景下的扰动。这种改变的微生物组或“生态失调”是IBD炎症长期过程中的关键因素。许多全基因组关联研究已经确定了参与胃肠道先天免疫的其他基因（包括参与自噬的基因多态性：ATG16L1和IGRM），这有助于阐明局部先天免疫与邻近管腔细菌的关系。这些发展也刺激了对特定病原体的研究，这些病原体可能在肠道微生物组从共生实体到推定致病实体的变态中发挥作用。在这里，我们回顾了过去10年来我们对IBD发病机制中微生物参与的理解，并深入了解这将如何在未来几年塑造我们对该疾病的治疗管理。(C)2014百世登出版集团有限公司有限公司All rights reserved.
Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer molecular tools for the global assessment of the gut microbiome and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn's disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The microbial studies have elaborated the normal composition of the gut microbiome and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered microbiome or "dysbiosis" is a key player in the protracted course of inflammation in IBD. Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate immunity (including polymorphisms in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16L1 and IGRM), which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate immunity with the adjacent luminal bacteria. These developments have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which may have a role in the metamorphosis of the gut microbiome from a symbiotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic management of the disease in the coming years. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.