T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infections.
T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infections.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.033
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zajac, Allan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kahan, Shannon M.;Wherry, E. John;Zajac, Allan J.
虽然强大而高效的抗病毒T细胞有助于许多急性感染的清除，但病毒的持久性与功能低下、精疲力竭的T细胞反应的发展有关。衰竭是以循序渐进的方式发展的，严重程度不等，最终可导致抗病毒T细胞的缺失。这种解除反应的作用是重要的，因为它损害了病毒控制，并可能有助于抑制免疫介导的损害。精疲力竭的T细胞无法阐述典型的抗病毒效应功能。它们的特点是抑制性受体持续上调，并显示出不同于原型效应器和记忆性T细胞群体的基因表达谱。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了耗竭T细胞的特性；有利于其发展的病毒学和免疫学条件；维持耗竭状态的细胞和分子信号；以及预防和逆转耗竭的策略，以利于病毒控制。
Although robust and highly effective anti-viral T cells contribute to the clearance of many acute infections, viral persistence is associated with the development of functionally inferior, exhausted, T cell responses. Exhaustion develops in a step-wise and progressive manner, ranges in severity, and can culminate in the deletion of the anti-viral T cells. This disarming of the response is consequential as it compromises viral control and potentially serves to dampen immune-mediated damage. Exhausted T cells are unable to elaborate typical anti-viral effector functions. They are characterized by the sustained upregulation of inhibitory receptors and display a gene expression profile that distinguishes them from prototypic effector and memory T cell populations. In this review we discuss the properties of exhausted T cells; the virological and immunological conditions that favor their development; the cellular and molecular signals that sustain the exhausted state; and strategies for preventing and reversing exhaustion to favor viral control.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.20001021
发表时间：
2002-03-04
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Blattman JN;Antia R;Sourdive DJ;Wang X;Kaech SM;Murali-Krishna K;Altman JD;Ahmed R
通讯作者：
Ahmed R
影响因子：
30.5
作者：
Blackburn, Shawn D.;Shin, Haina;Haining, W. Nicholas;Zou, Tao;Workman, Creg J.;Polley, Antonio;Betts, Michael R.;Freeman, Gordon J.;Vignali, Dario A. A.;Wherry, E. John
通讯作者：
Wherry, E. John
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
Attridge, Kesley;Wang, Chun Jing;Walker, Lucy S. K.
通讯作者：
Walker, Lucy S. K.
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
Betts, Michael R.;Nason, Martha C.;Koup, Richard A.
通讯作者：
Koup, Richard A.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Angelosanto, Jill M.;Blackburn, Shawn D.;Wherry, E. John
通讯作者：
Wherry, E. John