News and views on in-vivo imaging of neurotransmission using PET and MRI.
News and views on in-vivo imaging of neurotransmission using PET and MRI.
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DOI：
10.23736/s1824-4785.17.03019-9
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发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hesse S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sander CY;Hesse S
只要这种方式可用，PET 分子神经成像就成为精神病学研究和药物开发的综合工具，特别是用于研究神经传递和内源性神经递质释放。目前，药理学、行为和其他类型的挑战被用来诱导神经化学水平的变化，这些变化可以通过它们对受体结合变化和相关结果测量的影响来推断。基于对测量神经递质释放敏感的示踪剂的可用性，这些实验集中在大脑的多巴胺系统上，而最近的发展已将这些研究扩展到其他目标，例如血清素或胆碱系统。随着混合、真正同步 PET/MRI 系统的引入，使用 PET 和功能 MRI (fMRI) 对大脑中神经受体信号传输的动态进行体内成像已成为可能。 fMRI 能够提供有关受体功能影响的信息，作为 PET 测量的补充。 PET 和 fMRI 信号的动态采集不仅可以对神经递质或药物与受体的结合进行体内实时评估，还可以实现动态受体适应和受体特异性神经传递。虽然功能磁共振成像的时间分辨率相对于 PET 来说相对较快，但可观察的生物过程的时间尺度高度依赖于放射性示踪剂的动力学和研究设计。总体而言，PET放射性示踪剂对神经感受器的特异性、作为功能读数的fMRI信号以及综合研究设计的结合有望扩大我们对健康和疾病中大脑活动的位置、传播和联系的理解。
Molecular neuroimaging with PET is an integrated tool in psychiatry research and drug-development for as long as this modality has been available, in particular for studying neurotransmission and endogenous neurotransmitter release. Pharmacologic, behavioral and other types of challenges are currently applied to induce changes in neurochemical levels that can be inferred through their effects on changes in receptor binding and related outcome measures. Based on the availability of tracers that are sensitive for measuring neurotransmitter release these experiments have focused on the brain’s dopamine system, while recent developments have extended those studies to other targets such as the serotonin or choline system. With the introduction of hybrid, truly simultaneous PET/MRI systems, in vivo imaging of the dynamics of neuroreceptor signal transmission in the brain using PET and functional MRI (fMRI) has become possible. fMRI has the ability to provide information about the effects of receptor function that are complementary to the PET measurement. Dynamic acquisition of both PET and fMRI signals enables not only an in vivo real time assessment of neurotransmitter or drug binding to receptors but also dynamic receptor adaptations and receptor-specific neurotransmission. While fMRI temporal resolution is comparatively fast in relation to PET, the timescale of observable biological processes are highly dependent on the kinetics of radiotracers and study design. Overall, the combination of the specificity of PET radiotracers to neuroreceptors, fMRI signal as a functional readout and integrated study design promises to expand our understanding of the location, propagation and connections of brain activity in health and disease.