Searching for signal and borrowing wi-fi: Understanding disaster-related adaptations to telecommunications disruptions through social media

Searching for signal and borrowing wi-fi: Understanding disaster-related adaptations to telecommunications disruptions through social media
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搜索信号并借用 Wi-Fi:通过社交媒体了解与灾害相关的电信中断适应措施

DOI:
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103548
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Starbird, Kate
Starbird, Kate
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Van Wyk, Hannah;Cruz-Antonio, Osiris;Quintero-Perez, Diana;Garcia, Sayra Damian;Davidson, Rachel;Kendra, James;Starbird, Kate

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灾难事件可能会使电信基础设施容易受到服务中断的影响。在这些创伤性事件期间,当最需要连接时,有时需要几天、甚至几周或几个月的时间才能恢复正常服务。受影响的人和社区试图以创造性的方式适应这些破坏,但这可能会导致对基础设施其他部分的需求发生变化。为了了解灾害的社会影响并为灾难准备和响应提供信息,了解这些行为变化可能很有价值。在这项研究中,我们通过社交媒体 (Twitter) 来深入了解波多黎各人民如何适应 2017 年 9 月玛丽亚飓风后的长期电信中断。首先,为了解决在线话语噪音中信号有限的挑战,我们提出了一种使用机器学习来检测大规模 Twitter 数据集中对电信中断的适应情况的方法。接下来,我们采用扎根的方法,开发并应用了一种定性编码方案,揭示了人们适应手机服务、Wi-Fi 接入和通信设备电力中断的不同方式。其中一些调整表明,受影响的人们愿意不遗余力地获取电信服务,并改变人们以新的方式依赖现有基础设施的方式——例如随着学校成为设备充电的场所。这些发现提供了关于人们如何适应电信中断的实证见解,以及围绕使用社交媒体作为为灾难研究和响应提供信息的信号的方法论贡献。
Disaster events can expose the vulnerability of telecommunications infrastructure to service disruptions. During these traumatic events, when connectivity is most needed, it sometimes takes days, or even weeks or months, for normal service to return. Affected people and communities attempt to adapt to these disruptions in creative ways, but this can lead to changing demands on other parts of the infrastructure. To understand the societal impacts of disasters and inform disaster preparation and response, it can be valuable to understand these behavior changes. In this research, we look to social media (Twitter) to provide insight into how people in Puerto Rico adapted to extended telecommunications disruptions after Hurricane Maria in September 2017. First, to address the challenge of limited signal within the noise of online discourse, we articulate an approach for using machine learning to detect adaptations to telecommunication disruptions in a massive Twitter dataset. Next, using a grounded approach, we developed and applied a qualitative coding scheme that revealed the different ways that people adapted to disruptions in cell service, Wi-Fi access, and electricity for their communication devices. Some of these adaptations demonstrate affected people's willingness to go to great lengths to access telecommunication services, and shifts in how people relied in new ways upon existing infrastructure — e.g. as schools become a place to charge devices. These findings offer empirical insights about how people adapt to telecommunications disruptions as well as methodological contributions around using social media as a signal for informing disaster research and response.
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