Measuring neighbourhood spatial accessibility to urban amenities: does aggregation error matter?
Measuring neighbourhood spatial accessibility to urban amenities: does aggregation error matter?
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DOI：
10.1068/a34171
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hodgson, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hewko, J;Smoyer-Tomic, KE;Hodgson, MJ
邻里空间可达性（邻里空间可达性）指的是某一特定社区的居民到达便利设施的难易程度。国家安全局指标已被用来为城市政策问题提供信息，如便利设施的提供和空间公平。然而，国家安全局的措施容易受到许多方法问题的影响。我们调查一个方法学问题，聚集误差，因为它涉及到国家安全局的测量。当出于距离计算的目的，使用单个点来表示邻域，而邻域又表示空间分布的个体的集合时，就会产生聚集误差。对加拿大艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿三种类型的娱乐设施（操场、社区礼堂和休闲中心）进行了NSA评估，以评估聚合误差是否影响NSA测量。作者使用探索性空间数据分析技术，包括空间关联的局部指标，来检验聚集误差对NSA的影响。通过将更精细的分辨率数据整合到NSA测量中，我们证明了聚合误差确实会影响NSA指标，但这种影响取决于所调查的舒适度类型。当将NSA与丰富且具有高度本地化服务区域（如游乐场）的设施进行比较时，聚合误差尤其成问题。我们建议，在对这些类型的设施进行NSA分析时，研究人员可以整合更精细的分辨率数据，以更好地显示社区内个人的空间分布，从而减少汇总误差。
Neighbourhood spatial accessibility (NSA) refers to the ease with which residents of a given neighbourhood can reach amenities. NSA indicators have been used to inform urban policy issues, such as amenity provision and spatial equity. NSA measures are, however, susceptible to numerous methodological problems. We investigate one methodological issue, aggregation error, as it relates to the measurement of NSA. Aggregation error arises when, for the purpose of distance calculations, a single point is used to represent a neighbourhood, which in turn represents an aggregation of spatially distributed individuals. NSA to three types of recreational amenities (playgrounds, community halls, and leisure centres) in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada is used to assess whether aggregation error affects NSA measures. The authors use exploratory spatial data analysis techniques, including local indicators of spatial association, to examine aggregation-error effects on NSA. By integrating finer resolution data into NSA measures, we demonstrate that aggregation error does affect NSA indicators, but that the effect depends on the type of amenity under investigation. Aggregation error is particularly problematic when measuring NSA to amenities that are abundant and have highly localized service areas, such as playgrounds. We recommend that, when analyzing NSA to these types of amenities, researchers integrate finer resolution data to indicate the spatial distribution of individuals within neighbourhoods better, and hence reduce aggregation error.