The practice and principles of community-based wildlife management in Zimbabwe: The CAMPFIRE programme
The practice and principles of community-based wildlife management in Zimbabwe: The CAMPFIRE programme
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00051780
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发表时间：
1996-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Child, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Child, B
本文介绍了津巴布韦的野生动物为基础的CAMPFIRE方案。它表明，以社区为基础的自然资源管理如果以健全的管理原则为基础，并包括透明度，第一部分表明，公有土地上的这些自然资源问题的许多原因是定价机制失败，有效地分配资源。第二节介绍了CAMPFIRE的演变，第三节概述了该方案的基本原则。第四节讨论了自然资源的治理问题，并介绍了野生动物权利下放的过程。这强调了政治和行政制度对野生动物保护的重要性。该方案可分为五个步骤：创造一个有利的政治、法律的、行政和经济环境;建立对该方案的认识和需求;创造收入;有效利用这些收入;最后，建立机构和能力，以进行以当地为基础的自然资源管理。本文件的前四节论述第一步-扶持性环境、扶持性环境是什么以及扶持性环境是如何产生的。最后一节相当简短地介绍了方案的实际执行情况。
This paper describes Zimbabwe's wildlife-based CAMPFIRE programme. It suggests that community-based natural resource management is a potential solution to the inter-linked problems of poverty and conservation if it is based on sound management principles that also incorporate transparency, accountability and democracy because the unit of management is a community.This first section suggests that many of the causes of these natural resource problems in communal lands are a result of the failure of mechanisms to price and allocate resources efficiently. The second section describes the evolution of CAMPFIRE, while the third section summarizes the principles that underpin the programme. The fourth section discusses the governance of natural resources and describes the process by which rights to wildlife have been devolved. This emphasizes how important political and administrative systems are to wildlife conservation. CAMPFIRE can be viewed as a five-step process: getting an enabling political, legal, administrative and economic environment; creating awareness and a demand for the programme; generating revenues; using these revenues effectively; and, finally, setting in place the institutions and capacity for locally-based natural resource management. The first four sections of the paper deal with step one - the enabling environment, what it is and how it came about. The final section describes the actual implementation of the programme and is rather brief.