Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience
Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.014
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Bennett, Robbyn Peters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Afifi, Tracie O.;Ford, Derek;Bennett, Robbyn Peters
儿童虐待等不良童年经历与不良健康结果有关。打屁股与健康结果也有类似的联系，但迄今为止还没有被认为是ACE。先前的研究表明，身体虐待和精神虐待高度相关，而且在性质上可能与打屁股相似。为了确定打屁股是否应该被视为ACE，本研究旨在检验1)：打屁股与身体和精神虐待的分组；2)如果打屁股与不良的成人健康问题有类似的关联，并解释额外的模型方差。成人心理健康问题包括抑郁情绪、自杀企图、中度至重度饮酒和街头吸毒。数据来自CDC-Kaiser ACE研究（N = 8316，有效率= 65%）。打屁股与身体和精神上的虐待有着相同的因素。此外，打屁股与自杀企图的几率增加有关(调整优势比= 1.37；95% CI = 1.02 ~ 1.86)，中度至重度饮酒(AOR) = 1.23；95% CI = 1.07 ~ 1.41)，街头毒品使用(AOR) = 1.32；95% CI = 1.4至1.52)，在成年期经历过身体和精神虐待。这表明打屁股解释了额外的模型方差，并提高了我们对这些结果的理解。因此，从经验上看，打屁股与身体和精神上的虐待是相似的，包括打屁股和虐待，增加了我们对这些心理健康问题的理解。打屁股也应被视为ACE，并应在防止暴力的努力中加以处理。(C) 2017年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as child abuse are related to poor health outcomes. Spanking has indicated a similar association with health outcomes, but to date has not been considered an ACE. Physical and emotional abuse have been shown in previous research to correlate highly and may be similar in nature to spanking. To determine if spanking should be considered an ACE, this study aimed to examine 1): the grouping of spanking with physical and emotional abuse; and 2) if spanking has similar associations with poor adult health problems and accounts for additional model variance. Adult mental health problems included depressive affect, suicide attempts, moderate to heavy drinking, and street drug use. Data were from the CDC-Kaiser ACE study (N = 8316, response rate = 65%). Spanking loaded on the same factor as the physical and emotional abuse items. Additionally, spanking was associated with increased odds of suicide attempts (Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.86), moderate to heavy drinking (AOR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.41), and the use of street drugs (AOR) = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.4 to 1.52) in adulthood over and above experiencing physical and emotional abuse. This indicates spanking accounts for additional model variance and improves our understanding of these outcomes. Thus, spanking is empirically similar to physical and emotional abuse and including spanking with abuse adds to our understanding of these mental health problems. Spanking should also be considered an ACE and addressed in efforts to prevent violence. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.