Landform transformation on the urban fringe of Bangkok: The need to review land-use planning processes with consideration of the flow of fill materials to developing areas
Landform transformation on the urban fringe of Bangkok: The need to review land-use planning processes with consideration of the flow of fill materials to developing areas
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.06.009
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发表时间：
2008-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Y. Hara;Danai Thaitakoo;K. Takeuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Hara;Danai Thaitakoo;K. Takeuchi
对于位于三角洲低地的亚洲大城市来说，地形改造对于农业和城市发展都是必不可少的。了解地形变化的过程和模式是重要的景观规划在这些城市的周边地区的城乡土地混合利用。我们在三个尺度上研究了曼谷的地形变化过程和模式：（1）利用航空摄影判读和地形测量对曼谷城市边缘进行中尺度定量地形分析;（2）在样本区进行微尺度实地测量，以调查建筑风格和所用填料类型之间的关系;（3）从曼谷以外的来源地区到城市郊区最终用途的填充材料流动的宏观分析。我们的研究显示，所用填料的种类和累积体积与过去的农业土地使用模式有关，而农业土地使用模式又与当地原有的自然环境有关。我们发现了建筑风格和所用填充材料类型之间的关联：联排别墅建在粘土填充地基上，而公寓和交通负荷大的道路则建在沙子填充上。每种类型的填充物从来源到最终用途都有不同的流量，受地质和经济条件的影响。粘土填料的流动仅限于中等规模的城市边缘地区，而砂填料从天然砂堤上的砂坑中流出，距离城市边缘的最终用途上游100公里。据估计，沙源的产量为1.5× 105 m3/天，根据成本，沙源可以通过卡车或河流运输到城市边缘发展区。因此，地形改造被发现发生在多个尺度在曼谷地区，三角洲不再是平坦的。这些研究结果表明，三角洲景观规划应包括管理的手段，从源坑最终使用在城市边缘发展区的填充材料的流动。
For large Asian cities situated on deltaic lowlands, landform transformation is essential for both agrarian and urban development. Understanding landform transformation processes and patterns is important for landscape planning in areas of mixed urban–rural land use on the periphery of these cities. We examined landform transformation processes and patterns in Bangkok at three scales: (1) meso-scale quantitative landform analysis on the urban fringe of Bangkok using aerial photograph interpretation and topographic measurements; (2) micro-scale field measurements in sample districts to investigate relationships between building styles and the types of fill material used; (3) macro-scale analysis of the flow of fill material from source areas outside Bangkok to end use on the urban–rural fringe of the city. Our study showed that the type and the cumulative volume of fill material used are related to past agricultural land-use patterns, which in turn are related to the pre-existing natural local environment. We found associations between building styles and types of fill material used: townhouses are built on clay fill foundations, whereas condominiums and roads with heavy traffic loads are built on sand fill. Each type of fill has a different flow from source to end use that is influenced by geologic and economic conditions. The flow of clay fill is limited to the meso-scale urban fringe area, whereas sand fill travels from sand pits on a natural sand levee 100km upstream from its end use on the urban fringe. The sand output at its source was estimated to be 1.5×105m3day−1, which, depending on cost, is either trucked or transported by river to the urban fringe development areas. Thus, landform transformation was found to occur at multiple scales in the Bangkok region, and the delta is no longer flat. These findings suggest that deltaic landscape planning should incorporate the means of managing the flow of fill material from source pits to end use in urban fringe development areas.