Individually different foraging methods in the desert ant Cataglyphis bicolor (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Individually different foraging methods in the desert ant Cataglyphis bicolor (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
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沙漠蚁 Cataglyphis bicolor（膜翅目，蚁科）个体不同的觅食方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
P. Schmid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Schmid
摘要 报告了对突尼斯南部灌木沙漠中双色双色工蚁个体觅食行为的观察和现场实验。这些工蚁单独寻找食物（主要是动物尸体），并且是单一的猎物装载机。不同个体对先前外出觅食时发现的地点进行研究的坚持程度存在很大差异。差异范围从彻底研究一个地方到只是路过。在实验中，如果在距离巢穴较远的地方提供相同的奖励，那么每只蚂蚁都会比在靠近巢穴的地方提供食物更坚持重新搜索该地方。在进一步的实验中，一些人如果收集了一只苍蝇，就会比收集一块奶酪后更坚持在以前的发现地点附近进行搜索。然而，有证据表明，个体的食物偏好没有差异。研究先前发现地点的持久性个体在检索以聚合方式实验排列的食物方面比非持久性个体更快。该实验未能证明非持久性个体在均匀分布的食物上觅食的（反向）优势。对野外不受控制的觅食旅行的观察表明，在食物通常广泛分布的自然条件下，非持久性觅食者具有这样的优势。作为一个整体，蜂群在相同的时间内从同质的实验布局中获取的食物比从聚合的布局中获取的食物更多。个体之间的行为差异可能是由短命采集者的训练偏差引起的，导致对搜索方法的盈利能力进行不同的评估，这意味着返回到以前有回报的地方。因此，每个工人根据其个人经验使用最有前途的行为。或者，个体不同的搜索方法可能主要有助于整个群体的福利，而不是导致每个个体的最大短期效率。特别是，群落只处理了少数高度持久的觅食者，就可以快速利用其觅食范围内偶尔出现的短暂但不可预测的食物团块。
SummaryObservations and field experiments on the foraging behaviour of individual workers of Cataglyphis bicolor in a Southern Tunisian shrub desert are reported. The workers search singly for their food (mostly animal carcasses) and are singleprey loaders. The individuals differ to a great extent in their persistence to re-search the place of a find on a previous foraging excursion. The differences range continuously from thoroughly researching a place to just walking by. If, in an experiment, the same reward is offered farther from the nest, each ant persists more in re-searching the place than if food is offered close to the nest. In a further experiment, some individuals persisted less in searching near the former finding site if they had collected a fly than after collecting a piece of cheese. There is, however, evidence that individuals do not differ in their food preference. Persistent individuals, which re-search the place of a former find, are faster than non-persistent ones in retrieving food that is experimentally arranged in an aggregated manner. The experiment failed to demonstrate the (reverse) superiority of non-persistent individuals foraging on homogeneously distributed food. The observations of unmanipulated foraging excursions in the field suggest such an advantage for non-persistent foragers under natural conditions where food in general occurs widely dispersed. The colony as a whole retrieves more food within the same time from an experimental lay-out that is homogeneous than from an aggregated one. The behavioural differences between individuals could be caused by a training bias of the short-lived foragers, leading to a different assessment of the profitability of a searching method which implies returning to a formerly rewarding place. Thus, each worker uses the most promising behaviour according to its individual experience. Alternatively, the individually different searching methods could mainly contribute to the welfare of the colony as a whole rather than leading to a maximal short-term efficiency of each individual. In particular, the colony, disposing of only a few highly persistent foragers, could quickly exploit occasional short-lived, but unpredictible, clumps of food within its foraging range.