Forest Conversion and Degradation in Papua New Guinea 1972–2002
Forest Conversion and Degradation in Papua New Guinea 1972–2002
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1972 年至 2002 年巴布亚新几内亚的森林转变和退化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Barbara Lokes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Shearman;J. Ash;B. Mackey;Jane E. Bryan;Barbara Lokes
量化热带地区的森林变化非常重要，因为这些森林在生物多样性保护和全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。世界上现存最大的热带森林区域之一位于巴布亚新几内亚。在此我们表明，其范围和状况的变化程度比之前记录的更为严重。我们通过比较1972年的土地覆盖图和2002年以来记录的全国高分辨率卫星图像所绘制的土地覆盖图，对巴布亚新几内亚的森林砍伐和森林退化情况进行了评估。2002年，该地有28,251,967公顷热带雨林。在1972年到2002年期间，巴布亚新几内亚15%的热带森林被净砍伐，8.8%因伐木而退化。森林变化的驱动因素集中在可进入的林区，其中36%因林业和非林业活动而退化或被砍伐。自1972年以来，13%的高山森林也已消失。我们估计，在1990 - 2002年期间，总体变化率普遍上升，在每年0.8%到1.8%之间变化，而商业可进入森林的变化率要高得多，在每年1.1%到3.4%之间变化。这些比率远高于粮农组织在同一时期所报告的数据。我们得出结论，巴布亚新几内亚的森林发生了迅速且大量的变化，主要驱动因素是低地森林的伐木以及全国范围内的自给农业，森林火灾、种植园建立和采矿的影响相对较小。
Quantifying forest change in the tropics is important because of the role these forests play in the conservation of biodiversity and the global carbon cycle. One of the world's largest remaining areas of tropical forest is located in Papua New Guinea. Here we show that change in its extent and condition has occurred to a greater extent than previously recorded. We assessed deforestation and forest degradation in Papua New Guinea by comparing a land‐cover map from 1972 with a land‐cover map created from nationwide high‐resolution satellite imagery recorded since 2002. In 2002 there were 28,251,967 ha of tropical rain forest. Between 1972 and 2002, a net 15 percent of Papua New Guinea's tropical forests were cleared and 8.8 percent were degraded through logging. The drivers of forest change have been concentrated within the accessible forest estate where a net 36 percent were degraded or deforested through both forestry and nonforestry processes. Since 1972, 13 percent of upper montane forests have also been lost. We estimate that over the period 1990–2002, overall rates of change generally increased and varied between 0.8 and 1.8 percent/yr, while rates in commercially accessible forest have been far higher—having varied between 1.1 and 3.4 percent/yr. These rates are far higher than those reported by the FAO over the same period. We conclude that rapid and substantial forest change has occurred in Papua New Guinea, with the major drivers being logging in the lowland forests and subsistence agriculture throughout the country with comparatively minor contributions from forest fires, plantation establishment, and mining.