A three-component model of the spinal nerve ramification: Bringing together the human gross anatomy and modern Embryology.
A three-component model of the spinal nerve ramification: Bringing together the human gross anatomy and modern Embryology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2022.1009542
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Yaginuma, Hiroyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Homma, Shunsaku;Shimada, Takako;Wada, Ikuo;Kumaki, Katsuji;Sato, Noboru;Yaginuma, Hiroyuki
由于其悠久的历史，人类大体解剖学的研究并没有充分纳入现代胚胎学的发现，因此，目前的理解往往与最近的分子研究发现不一致。值得注意的是，传统的轴上和轴下肌肉的区别，以及它们相应的神经支配的背侧和腹侧支的脊神经，不对应于第一和远轴肌肉的区别，所定义的中胚层谱系的目标组织。为了解决成人解剖学和胚胎学之间的分歧，我们在这里提出了一个新的脊神经分支的假设模型。我们的模型是基于以前未知的肋间神经的发育过程。对小鼠胚胎中这些神经的观察显示，肋间神经最初具有浅腹侧支和深腹侧支，这与单一腹侧分支的一般感知相反。随着浅分支的回缩，最初的双神经支配模式后来转变为成人样的单分支模式。改良肋间神经由典型的腹侧支和从外侧皮支发出的走行于胸肌面的新支组成。我们将胚胎分支模式制定为人类脊神经的假设分支模型，以便分支模式与目标肌肉的发育背景兼容。在我们的模型中，每根脊神经由三部分组成：（1）支配第一轴肌的节段性分支，包括背支和腹支的短支和长浅前支;（2）形成丛的壁内分支，是典型肋间神经的系列同源物，支配体壁的远轴部分;（3）肌丛型肌外支，即位于体壁外的一系列新分支，支配带肌和肢体肌。每个组成部分的选择性加工或删除成功地解释了脊神经的标准形态和变异性的推理。因此，我们的模型为脊神经发育带来了新的理解，并为基础和临床科学提供了关于脊神经不同分支模式的有价值的信息。
Due to its long history, the study of human gross anatomy has not adequately incorporated modern embryological findings; consequently, the current understanding has often been incompatible with recent discoveries from molecular studies. Notably, the traditional epaxial and hypaxial muscle distinction, and their corresponding innervation by the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerve, do not correspond to the primaxial and abaxial muscle distinction, defined by the mesodermal lineages of target tissues. To resolve the disagreement between adult anatomy and embryology, we here propose a novel hypothetical model of spinal nerve ramification. Our model is based on the previously unknown developmental process of the intercostal nerves. Observations of these nerves in the mouse embryos revealed that the intercostal nerves initially had superficial and deep ventral branches, which is contrary to the general perception of a single ventral branch. The initial dual innervation pattern later changes into an adult-like single branch pattern following the retraction of the superficial branch. The modified intercostal nerves consist of the canonical ventral branches and novel branches that run on the muscular surface of the thorax, which sprout from the lateral cutaneous branches. We formulated the embryonic branching pattern into the hypothetical ramification model of the human spinal nerve so that the branching pattern is compatible with the developmental context of the target muscles. In our model, every spinal nerve consists of three components: (1) segmental branches that innervate the primaxial muscles, including the dorsal rami, and short branches and long superficial anterior branches from the ventral rami; (2) plexus-forming intramural branches, the serial homolog of the canonical intercostal nerves, which innervate the abaxial portion of the body wall; and (3) plexus-forming extramural branches, the series of novel branches located outside of the body wall, which innervate the girdle and limb muscles. The selective elaboration or deletion of each component successfully explains the reasoning for the standard morphology and variability of the spinal nerve. Therefore, our model brings a novel understanding of spinal nerve development and valuable information for basic and clinical sciences regarding the diverse branching patterns of the spinal nerve.
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Dasen, Jeremy S.;De Camilli, Alessandro;Jessell, Thomas M.
通讯作者：
Jessell, Thomas M.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
CALLISTER, RJ;BRICHTA, AM;PETERSON, EH
通讯作者：
PETERSON, EH
影响因子：
0.2
作者：
Gupta, Chandni;D'Souza, Antony Sylvan;Ray, Biswabina
通讯作者：
Ray, Biswabina
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Agalliu, Dritan;Takada, Shinji;Jessell, Thomas M.
通讯作者：
Jessell, Thomas M.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Al-Dabbagh, AKR
通讯作者：
Al-Dabbagh, AKR