Clearance properties of nano-sized particles and molecules as imaging agents: considerations and caveats.
Clearance properties of nano-sized particles and molecules as imaging agents: considerations and caveats.
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DOI：
10.2217/17435889.3.5.703
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发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kobayashi H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Longmire M;Choyke PL;Kobayashi H
纳米粒子具有作为诊断显像剂的巨大潜力，并有望开发出同时具有成像和治疗能力的多模式显像剂。然而，一些最有希望的纳米颗粒显示出长时间的组织保留和含有重金属。这引起了人们对毒性的严重担忧。创造具有最佳清除特性的纳米颗粒将通过减少接触这些制剂的时间将毒性风险降至最低。考虑到许多纳米颗粒具有容易修饰的表面和内部化学，如果纳米颗粒的特性与人体的最佳清除相关，那么设计和创建具有更有利清除性能的试剂将是可行的。本文对纳米颗粒清除的生理学方面进行了深入的讨论，重点讨论了肾脏机制，并概述了目前研究特定类型的纳米颗粒和纳米大分子清除的研究，包括树枝状大分子、量子点、脂质体和碳、金和二氧化硅纳米颗粒。
Nanoparticles possess enormous potential as diagnostic imaging agents and hold promise for the development of multimodality agents with both imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Yet, some of the most promising nanoparticles demonstrate prolonged tissue retention and contain heavy metals. This presents serious concerns for toxicity. The creation of nanoparticles with optimal clearance characteristics will minimize toxicity risks by reducing the duration of exposure to these agents. Given that many nanoparticles possess easily modifiable surface and interior chemistry, if nanoparticle characteristics associated with optimal clearance from the body were well established, it would be feasible to design and create agents with more favorable clearance properties. This paper presents a thorough discussion of the physiologic aspects of nanoparticle clearance, focusing on renal mechanisms, as well as provides an overview of current research investigating clearance of specific types of nanoparticles and nano-sized macromolecules, including dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes and carbon, gold, and silica-based nanoparticles.