A field vaccine trial in Tanzania demonstrates partial protection against malignant catarrhal fever in cattle.
A field vaccine trial in Tanzania demonstrates partial protection against malignant catarrhal fever in cattle.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.009
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发表时间：
2016-02-03
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Cleaveland S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lankester F;Russell GC;Lugelo A;Ndabigaye A;Mnyambwa N;Keyyu J;Kazwala R;Grant D;Percival A;Deane D;Haig DM;Cleaveland S
我们进行了恶性卡他热疫苗的第一次现场试验。该疫苗在坦桑尼亚牛中使用是安全的。该疫苗使病毒向牛的传播减少了56%。牛的非致死性MCF感染比以前报告的更常见。恶性卡他热（MCF）是一种致命的牛淋巴组织增生性疾病，在东非，它是由角马传播的致病病毒阿尔塞拉芬疱疹病毒1型（AlHV-1）引起的。在坦桑尼亚北方的Simanjiro平原，在两个角马产犊季节进行了涉及减毒AlHV-1病毒疫苗的疫苗田间试验。田间试验的两个阶段中的每一个阶段均由50头接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的牛组成，随后通过向角马放牧将其暴露于AlHV-1攻毒。疫苗接种导致病毒特异性抗体和病毒中和抗体的诱导。未接种组中的一些牛也产生了病毒特异性抗体应答，但仅在试验攻毒阶段开始后。来自血液样品的DNA的PCR检测到两组牛中的AlHV-1感染，但接种组中的感染频率显著较低。一些感染动物显示出提示MCF的临床体征，但很少有动物继续发展致命的MCF，接种组和未接种组的数量相似。本研究证明了坦桑尼亚北方牛MCF血清阳性的基线水平为1%，并表明我们的减毒疫苗可以在坦桑尼亚的斑马鱼短角杂交牛中诱导AlHV-1病毒中和抗体，这与先前实验试验中的保护相关。该疫苗使暴露于牛羚的牛的感染率降低了56%，但由于致死病例数量较少，无法确定对致死性MCF的保护。
We carried out the first field trial of a vaccine against malignant catarrhal fever. The vaccine was shown to be safe for use in Tanzanian cattle. The vaccine provided a 56% reduction in transmission of virus to cattle. Non-fatal MCF infections in cattle were more common than previously reported. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle that, in East Africa, results from transmission of the causative virus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), from wildebeest. A vaccine field trial involving an attenuated AlHV-1 virus vaccine was performed over two wildebeest calving seasons on the Simanjiro Plain of northern Tanzania. Each of the two phases of the field trial consisted of groups of 50 vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle, which were subsequently exposed to AlHV-1 challenge by herding toward wildebeest. Vaccination resulted in the induction of virus-specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Some cattle in the unvaccinated groups also developed virus-specific antibody responses but only after the start of the challenge phase of the trial. PCR of DNA from blood samples detected AlHV-1 infection in both groups of cattle but the frequency of infection was significantly lower in the vaccinated groups. Some infected animals showed clinical signs suggestive of MCF but few animals went on to develop fatal MCF, with similar numbers in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. This study demonstrated a baseline level of MCF-seropositivity among cattle in northern Tanzania of 1% and showed that AlHV-1 virus-neutralizing antibodies could be induced in Tanzanian zebu shorthorn cross cattle by our attenuated vaccine, a correlate of protection in previous experimental trials. The vaccine reduced infection rates by 56% in cattle exposed to wildebeest but protection from fatal MCF could not be determined due to the low number of fatal cases.