The evolution of epiphyses and of endochondral bone
The evolution of epiphyses and of endochondral bone
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-185x.1942.tb00440.x
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发表时间：
1942-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haines, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haines, RW
骨骺最原始的类型是在硬骨鱼中发现的，由插入长骨骨干末端的大量软骨组成。它承载关节面，并具有与骨长度生长有关的特殊生长和肥大区。所有早期四足动物的骨骺与现存的龟类和鳄鱼类的骨骺都是相似的，但在生长区的细胞排列上有更大的规律性，因此，软骨内骨的骨小梁的排列依赖于软骨的形成，这一趋势在后来的四足动物群中，特别是哺乳动物中得到了进一步的发展。尾椎的骨骺结构很特殊，并不能说明原始状态。在所有其他有四肢的四足动物的现存类群中，软骨骨骺中已经发展出次级钙化或骨化中心，并且在这些类群中的几个类群中，携带血管进入骨骺内部的软骨管也已经独立地进化出来。腱内中心是在腱附着于软骨骨骺处形成的，在结构上与主要的次级中心有明显的区别。
The most primitive type of epiphysis, found in bony fishes, consists of a mass of cartilage inserted into the end of the shaft of a long bone. It carries the articular surface and possesses special zones of growth and hypertrophy concerned with the growth in length of the bone. The epiphyses of all early tetrapods and of the living Chelonia and Crocodilia are similar, but there is more regularity in the arrangement of the cells in the growth zone, and accordingly in the arrangement of the trabeculae of endochondral bone dependent on the cartilage for their formation, a tendency carried further in later tetrapod groups, particularly mammals. The Urodela are peculiar in the structure of their epiphyses, and do not illustrate primitive conditions. In all other living groups of tetrapods with limbs secondary centres of calcification or ossification have been developed in the cartilaginous epiphyses, and again in several of these groups cartilage canals carrying blood vessels into the interior of the epiphyses have been independently evolved. Intratendinous centres, developed at the insertions of tendons into the cartilaginous epiphyses, are sharply differentiated in structure from the main secondary centres.