Some Advances in Dust Storm over China‐Mongolia Areas
Some Advances in Dust Storm over China‐Mongolia Areas
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DOI：
10.1002/cjg2.813
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Z. Qian;Ying Cai;Jing-Tao Liu;Chung-Ming Liu;Dongliang Li;Minhong Song
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Qian;Ying Cai;Jing-Tao Liu;Chung-Ming Liu;Dongliang Li;Minhong Song
对沙尘暴的现状进行了最新的综述本文首先回顾了近20年来中国沙尘暴研究的三个阶段，然后重点介绍了近50年来中国沙尘暴研究在沙尘气溶胶观测、沙尘暴气候学、沙尘暴爆发和沙尘输送的环流形势、沙尘暴活动变化及其成因等方面的主要进展，并提出了一些有待解决的问题。结果表明：（1）CMA上空的DS主要来自中国西北地区和蒙古南部、西北部地区。随着沙尘天气的加剧，沙尘的表面总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）将以三倍的速率呈几何级数增加。(2)CMA存在7个DS高频区，分别是塔里木盆地、甘肃走廊、内蒙古中西部、浑善达克沙地和蒙古的达兰扎德嘎德和扎明乌德。DS事件多发生在春季北京时间13：00 ~ 20：00之间。(3)在CMA中，DS爆发的环流模式大致有两种，即，低压冷锋+中尺度系统。当然，它们是CMA东、中、西部不同低压和冷锋的组合。前者占大多数，后者仅占百分之几，但却是最重要的灾害天气预报之一。沙尘的下风向输送主要依赖于低层环流。(4)近50年来，整个CMA地区的DS活动呈波浪式变化，20世纪50 ~ 70年代逐渐增加，70年代达到峰值; 80 ~ 90年代逐渐减少; 2000~2002年突然增加，2003~2005年突然减少。在CMA的各个阶段，它们的变化也略有不同。引起沙漠化年代际变化的主要因素可能与东亚大气环流的年代际变化有关，而与沙漠化状况无关。(5)最后提出了需要进一步研究的三个方面。
To give a up-to-date review of the present status of dust storm (hereafter DS) researches over China-Mongolia Areas (CMA), first, the three stages of China DS researches in the last 20 years are reviewed, then the main advances in dust aerosol observations, DS climatology, the circulation patterns of DS outbreak and dust transport, DS activity changes in the past five decades and their causes, as well as some problems to be solved are presented in this paper. It shows that: (1) The DS over CMA originates mainly from both the Northwest China (NWC) and South-and NW-Mongolia areas. With the intensifying of the dusty weathers, surface total suspended particulates (TSP) of dust will increase in geometric series at the rate of triples. (2) There exist seven DS high frequence regions in CMA, they are Tarim Basin, Gansu Corridor, Mid- and West-Inner Mongolia, and Hunshandake sand region in China and Dalanzadgad and Zamin Uud in Mongolia. Most of DS events occur between 13:00 to 20:00 Beijing Time (BT) of springs. (3) There are briefly two kinds of DS outbreak circulation patterns in CMA, i.e., the low pressure plus cold front, and the low cold front plus meso-scale system. Certainly, they are the combinations of the different lows and cold fronts for east-, mid- and west- regimes of CMA. The former makes up the most of them; the latter, a few percent only, but is one of the most important disaster weathers to forecast. The dust transport downwind depends mainly on the circulation on lower-levels. (4) In the past five decades the DS activities over the whole CMA changed in a wavy way, first gradually increased from 1950's to 1970's, got its peak frequency in 1970's; then gradually decreased from 1980's to 1990's; still then increased suddenly in the years 2000~2002 and decreased abruptly in the years 2003~2005. Also their changes in the each regime of CMA are a little different. The main factors which cause the DS interdecadal changes may relate to the interdecadal changes of East Asia atmospheric circulation, not the desertification condition. (5) Finally three aspects which need to further study are given.