Transfer of a cyanobacterial neurotoxin within a temperate aquatic ecosystem suggests pathways for human exposure
Transfer of a cyanobacterial neurotoxin within a temperate aquatic ecosystem suggests pathways for human exposure
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0914417107
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发表时间：
2010-05-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bergman, Birgitta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonasson, Sara;Eriksson, Johan;Bergman, Birgitta
β-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸是一种由大多数蓝藻产生的神经毒性非蛋白质氨基酸，被认为是太平洋关岛毁灭性神经退行性疾病的病原体。由于蓝藻在全球范围内广泛存在，我们假设BMAA可能会在其他生态系统中发生并生物积累。在这里，基于最近发展的提取和高效液相-MS/MS方法和对温带水生生态系统(波罗的海，2007-2008年)蓝藻种群中BMAA的长期监测，我们证明了BMAA是由主导该水体大规模表面水华的蓝藻属生物合成的。在直接或间接以蓝藻为食的营养水平较高的生物，如浮游动物和各种脊椎动物(鱼)和无脊椎动物(贻贝、牡蛎)中也发现了较高浓度的BMAA。其中包括供人类食用的中上层和底栖性鱼类。底栖鱼的肌肉和脑中的BMAA含量最高。在一个大型温带水生生态系统中发现了神经毒素BMAA的定期生物合成，并可能在主要食物网内转移和生物积累，其中一些最终被人类消费，这是令人震惊的，需要引起注意。
beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid produced by most cyanobacteria, has been proposed to be the causative agent of devastating neurodegenerative diseases on the island of Guam in the Pacific Ocean. Because cyanobacteria are widespread globally, we hypothesized that BMAA might occur and bioaccumulate in other ecosystems. Here we demonstrate, based on a recently developed extraction and HPLC-MS/MS method and long-term monitoring of BMAA in cyanobacterial populations of a temperate aquatic ecosystem (Baltic Sea, 2007-2008), that BMAA is biosynthesized by cyanobacterial genera dominating the massive surface blooms of this water body. BMAA also was found at higher concentrations in organisms of higher trophic levels that directly or indirectly feed on cyanobacteria, such as zooplankton and various vertebrates (fish) and invertebrates (mussels, oysters). Pelagic and benthic fish species used for human consumption were included. The highest BMAA levels were detected in the muscle and brain of bottom-dwelling fishes. The discovery of regular biosynthesis of the neurotoxin BMAA in a large temperate aquatic ecosystem combined with its possible transfer and bioaccumulation within major food webs, some ending in human consumption, is alarming and requires attention.