Analytic Hierarchy Process
Analytic Hierarchy Process
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DOI：
10.1002/0470011815.b2a4a002
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发表时间：
2005-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Saaty
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Saaty
层次分析法（AHP）是一种对无形标准进行相对测量的理论。通过这种相对测量方法，只有在已知要测量的要素之后，才能从成对比较测量中得出优先级量表。进行成对比较的能力是我们与生俱来的，我们需要这种能力来应对一个万物皆相对且不断变化的世界，因此，没有固定的标准来衡量事物。在传统测量中，人们有一个量表，用于测量任何具有该量表所针对属性的要素，并且这些要素是逐个测量的，而不是通过相互比较来测量。在层次分析法中，使用从1到9的层次分析法绝对基本量表中选取的数值进行判断来进行成对比较。从所有这些成对比较中得出一个相对值量表，它也属于一个在恒等变换下不变的绝对量表，就像实数系统一样。层次分析法对于做出涉及收益、机会、成本和风险的多准则决策很有用。这些思想是分阶段发展的，并通过现实生活中的决策示例进行说明。这个主题是透明的，很容易理解为什么要按照这里所讨论的方式来进行。层次分析法有对依赖性和反馈的推广；这里不讨论网络分析法（ANP）。
关键词：层次分析法；决策；优先级排序；收益；成本；复杂性
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theory of relative measurement of intangible criteria. With this approach to relative measurement, a scale of priorities is derived from pairwise comparison measurements only after the elements to be measured are known. The ability to do pairwise comparisons is our biological heritage and we need it to cope with a world where everything is relative and constantly changing and thus, there are no fixed standards to measure things on. In traditional measurement, one has a scale that one applies to measure any element that comes along that has the property the scale is for, and the elements are measured one by one, not by comparing them with each other. In the AHP, paired comparisons are made with judgments using numerical values taken from the AHP absolute fundamental scale of 1 to 9. A scale of relative values is derived from all these paired comparisons and it also belongs to an absolute scale that is invariant under the identity transformation like the system of real numbers. The AHP is useful for making multicriteria decisions involving benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks. The ideas are developed in stages and illustrated with examples of real-life decisions. The subject is transparent and easy to understand why it is done the way it is along the lines discussed here. The AHP has a generalization to dependence and feedback; the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is not discussed here. Keywords: analytic hierarchy process; decision making; prioritization; benefits; costs; complexity