The Korean War and the formation of Korean ‘Public Health’
The Korean War and the formation of Korean ‘Public Health’
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DOI：
10.22912/dgsh.2020..69.339
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lee, Dongwon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee, Dongwon
这篇文章试图通过观察6•25战争前后韩国保健医疗界和保健科学的形成过程，来了解韩国保健医疗制度的历史本质。现有研究主要关注卫生医疗基础奠定的60年代后，这在一定程度上反映了现实，但存在一个问题，即朝鲜战争的影响和50年代的变化相对被忽视。因此，本文结合美国军政府、联合国部队、海外留学医生的保健活动，对韩国保健医学的形成过程进行了分析。我试图详细了解韩国医生在韩国医疗体系形成过程中发挥的作用。在日本帝国主义强占时期，他们分别在庆成帝国大学医学院、庆成大学、Severance大学、大邱医学院学习，接受了日本式的“理论教育”。此外，他们在光复和6•25战争后获得了该领域的临床经验，并主要通过在美国的学习，系统地学习了美国式的健康科学，可称为“临床导向教育”。他们在首尔大学“明尼苏达事业”之前，积极接受并引进了美国健康科学，在主要医学院的预防医学系和保健研究生院引领了第一代健康医学。与此同时，美国式的公共卫生在韩国得以牢固建立的原因是公共卫生诊所和中心的普及，以及为其提供支持的韩国公共卫生学院的成立。1953年9月，韩国设立了公共卫生学院，目的是培养保健和医疗人员，以支持全国范围内公共卫生诊所和中心的增加。美国或世卫组织式的“公共卫生”概念通过韩国公共卫生学院传播，以这种方式传播的“公共卫生”概念通过公共卫生诊所和中心的卫生保健临床活动在现实中得以实现。因此，韩国公共卫生学院对韩国保健和医疗界做出了巨大贡献，以日本现有的“公共卫生”概念为基础，采用了美国的“公共卫生”概念，并确立了韩国式的健康科学。
This article is an attempt to understand the historical nature of the Korean health and medical system by looking at the formation process of the Korean health and medical community and health sciences before and after the Korean War. Existing studies have mainly noted the post-1960s when the foundation of health and medical care was laid, which reflects the reality to some extent, but there is a problem that the influence of the Korean War and the change of the 1950s were relatively neglected. Therefore, this article looked at the formation process of Korean health and medicine in the connection with the public health activities of the U.S. military government, U.N. forces and Korean doctors who studied abroad.I tried to understand in detail what role Korean doctors played in the formation of the Korean health care system. During the Japanese colonial period, they studied at Kyungsung Imperial University’s School of Medicine, Kyungsung, Severance, and Daegu Medical College, and received Japanese-style ‘theory-oriented education’. In addition, they gained clinical experience in the field after liberation and the Korean War, and systematically studied American-style health science, which can be called ‘clinical-oriented education,’ mainly through studying in the United States. They actively embraced and introduced American-style health science ahead of the Minnesota project of Seoul National University, leading the preventive medicine departments and graduate schools of health at major medical schools as the first generation of health medicine.Along with this, the reason for the firm establishment of American-style public health in Korea was the spread of public health dispensaries and centers, and the creation of the School of Public Health, Korea that supported it. The establishment of the School of Public Health, Korea in September 1953 was aimed at fostering health and medical personnel to support the nationwide increase in public health dispensaries and centers. The concept of American or WHO-style ‘public health’ has been disseminated through the School of Public Health, Korea, and the concept of ‘public health’ spread in this way was realized in reality through health care clinical activities in public health dispensaries and centers. Therefore, the School of Public Health, Korea greatly contributed to the Korean health and medical community adopting the American concept of ‘public health’ based on the existing Japanese concept of ‘public hygiene’ and establishing itself as a Korean-style health science.