Contingency checking and self-directed behaviors in giant manta rays: Do elasmobranchs have self-awareness?
Contingency checking and self-directed behaviors in giant manta rays: Do elasmobranchs have self-awareness?
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DOI：
10.1007/s10164-016-0462-z
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
D'Agostino, Dominic P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ari, Csilla;D'Agostino, Dominic P.
精细的认知技能在不同的分类群体中独立出现。自我识别通常被认为是一个人自己的镜像反映并不代表另一个人，而是自己，这在任何板鳃类物种中从未被证明过。曼塔有很高的脑化系数，与那些通过镜子自我识别测试的物种相似，并且拥有所有鱼类中最大的大脑。在这项研究中，对两条捕获的巨型曼塔进行了镜子曝光实验，以记录它们对镜像的反应。这些曼塔并没有表现出与它们的镜像进行社会互动的迹象。然而，在镜子前频繁的不寻常和重复的动作表明了应急检查;此外，当曼塔暴露在镜子前时，可以识别出不寻常的自我导向行为。目前的研究显示了对镜子的行为反应的证据，这是自我意识的先决条件，并已被用来确认猿类的自我识别。
Elaborate cognitive skills arose independently in different taxonomic groups. Self-recognition is conventionally identified by the understanding that one's own mirror reflection does not represent another individual but oneself, which has never been proven in any elasmobranch species to date. Manta rays have a high encephalization quotient, similar to those species that have passed the mirror self-recognition test, and possess the largest brain of all fish species. In this study, mirror exposure experiments were conducted on two captive giant manta rays to document their response to their mirror image. The manta rays did not show signs of social interaction with their mirror image. However, frequent unusual and repetitive movements in front of the mirror suggested contingency checking; in addition, unusual self-directed behaviors could be identified when the manta rays were exposed to the mirror. The present study shows evidence for behavioral responses to a mirror that are prerequisite of self-awareness and which has been used to confirm self-recognition in apes.