Laws, institutions and transboundary pasture management in the High Pamir and Pamir-Alai mountain ecosystem of Central Asia
Laws, institutions and transboundary pasture management in the High Pamir and Pamir-Alai mountain ecosystem of Central Asia
复制标题
中亚帕米尔高原和帕米尔-阿莱山生态系统的法律、机构和跨境牧场管理
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
M. Lim
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作者：
M. Lim
加强牧场管理是吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国和塔吉克斯坦等后苏联中亚国家政府的优先事项。中亚新独立国家面临着重大的过渡挑战。这些挑战包括取消以前由中央苏维埃政府提供的补贴;走向私有化以及将行政边界转换为国际边界。在这方面，牧场管理的跨界办法至关重要。本文件强调了帕米尔、帕米尔-阿莱生态系统中有效牧场管理的挑战;与牧场有关的法律的文书的不足以及缺乏执行这些文书的机构。由于两国之间缺乏协定，而且国家一级的法律和机构之间存在差异，跨界管理受到阻碍。有意义的跨界协定和协调国家一级的法律将是实现可持续跨界牧场管理的重要一步。然而，这些法律的工具本身是不够的。长期有效的牧场管理在帕米尔，帕米尔-阿莱生态系统必须解决退化的原因。在改变目前的资源使用做法之前，还需要让山区社区相信经济和其他方面的好处。体制和能力建设以及充足的资金对于确保所制定的任何法律的文书和所采用的任何战略的有效性也至关重要。
Enhanced rangeland governance is a priority for the governments of the post-Soviet Central Asian states of the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan. Major transitional challenges confront the newly independent states of Central Asia. These challenges include the withdrawal of subsidies previously provided by the centralised Soviet government; moves towards privatisation and the conversion of administrative boundaries to international boundaries. In this context transboundary approaches to rangeland management are essential. This paper highlights the challenges for effective pasture management in the Pamir, Pamir-Alai ecosystem; the inadequacies of pasture-related legal instruments and the absence of institutions for the implementation of these instruments. Transboundary management is hampered by the lack of agreements between the two countries and the differences between national level laws and institutions. Meaningful transboundary agreements and the harmonization of national level laws would be a significant step towards achieving sustainable transboundary pasture management. However, on their own these legal tools are insufficient. Long-term effective pasture management in the Pamir, Pamir-Alai ecosystem necessitates that the causes of degradation are addressed. Mountain communities would also need to be convinced of economic and other benefits before current resource-use practices could be expected to change. Institutional and capacity building and adequate funding are also fundamental to ensuring the effectiveness of any legal instruments that are developed and any strategies that are employed.