The Holocene Thermal Maximum around Svalbard, Arctic North Atlantic; molluscs show early and exceptional warmth
The Holocene Thermal Maximum around Svalbard, Arctic North Atlantic; molluscs show early and exceptional warmth
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北大西洋北极斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的全新世最热期；
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发表时间：
2018
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Svendsen
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作者：
J. Mangerud;J. Svendsen
由于气候寒冷，如今在斯瓦尔巴群岛附近已经灭绝的浅海软体动物在可以追溯到全新世早期的沉积物中被发现。发现的最需要温暖的物种，Zirfaea Crisata，目前的北限在更南1000公里处，这表明斯瓦尔巴特群岛8月份的气温升高了6°C，约为10.2-9.2卡。 ka BP，当这个物种生活在那里时。蓝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）在最近气候变暖后于 2004 年重返斯瓦尔巴群岛，此前已经消失了近 4000 年（不包括 900 年前中世纪温暖时期的短暂重新出现）。 Mytilus于上午11点首次抵达斯瓦尔巴群岛。 ka BP，表明当时的气候至少和现在一样温暖。第一个温暖期持续 11 到 9 卡路里。 ka BP，随后是一段较低温度 9-8.2 cal 的时期。卡BP。 8.2 cal 之后。 ka，斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的气候再次变暖，虽然没有达到9 ka之前的相同峰值，但仍然比现在的8.2至6 cal之间温暖约4°C。卡BP。此后，逐渐冷却使温度达到目前约 4.5 卡的水平。卡BP。斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的全新世早期温暖气候主要是由更高的日照和更多的大西洋暖水流入驱动的，但反馈过程进一步影响了区域气候。
Shallow marine molluscs that are today extinct close to Svalbard, because of the cold climate, are found in deposits there dating to the early Holocene. The most warmth-demanding species found, Zirfaea crispata, currently has a northern limit 1000 km farther south, indicating that August temperatures on Svalbard were 6°C warmer at around 10.2–9.2 cal. ka BP, when this species lived there. The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, returned to Svalbard in 2004 following recent warming, and after almost 4000 years of absence, excluding a short re-appearance during the Medieval Warm Period 900 years ago. Mytilus first arrived in Svalbard at 11 cal. ka BP, indicating that the climate was then as least as warm as present. This first warm period lasted from 11 to 9 cal. ka BP and was followed by a period of lower temperatures 9–8.2 cal. ka BP. After 8.2 cal. ka, the climate around Svalbard warmed again, and although it did not reach the same peak in temperatures as prior to 9 ka, it was nevertheless some 4°C warmer than present between 8.2 and 6 cal. ka BP. Thereafter, a gradual cooling brought temperatures to the present level at about 4.5 cal. ka BP. The warm early-Holocene climate around Svalbard was driven primarily by higher insolation and greater influx of warm Atlantic Water, but feedback processes further influenced the regional climate.