Distribution and activity of bats at local and landscape scales within a rural-urban gradient
Distribution and activity of bats at local and landscape scales within a rural-urban gradient
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DOI：
10.1007/s11252-008-0055-x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ford, W. Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Joshua B.;Gates, J. Edward;Ford, W. Mark
我们研究了蝙蝠物种活动和组成与森林覆盖范围和城市化之间的关系。S.国家公园管理局，国家首都地区公园在马里兰州，弗吉尼亚州，西弗吉尼亚州和华盛顿，D。C.的方法，从2003-2004年，使用雾网，竖琴陷阱，声学探测器，并在各种栖息地的视觉观察。我们的工作包括在74个地点沿着进行363个陷阱夜，并在362个地点进行声学采样。我们捕获了383只蝙蝠，并确定了6个物种的6，380个回声定位通道。公园内的森林破碎化比公园附近的城市化对总体活动和特定物种活动的影响更大。大棕蝠（Eptesicus fuscus）有能力利用人为结构进行日间栖息，是NCR公园中最普遍存在的物种，也可能是最丰富的物种，特别是在森林覆盖的城市公园。北方鼠耳蝠（鼠耳蝠septentrionalis），并在较小程度上，小棕色鼠耳蝠（鼠耳蝠lucifugus）更普遍的森林，农村公园的山脊和山谷和蓝岭比东部，森林较少的城市公园的皮埃蒙特和沿海平原自然地理省。保留较大的残留森林地带和日间栖息地（即，树木和障碍物）将有利于大多数物种，因为整个地区的城市扩张仍在继续。
We examined the relationship between bat species activity and composition and the extent of forest cover and urbanization in and adjacent to 11 U. S. National Park Service, National Capital Region Parks in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D. C., from 2003-2004, using mist nets, harp traps, acoustical detectors, and visual observations in a variety of habitats. Our efforts included 363 trap nights across 74 sites along with acoustical sampling at 362 sites. We captured 383 bats and identified 6,380 echolocation passes of 6 species. Both overall and species-specific activities were affected more by forest fragmentation within parks than by urbanization adjacent to parks. With an ability to exploit anthropogenic structures for day-roosts, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were the most ubiquitous and probably the most abundant species in NCR Parks, particularly in forested, urban parks. Northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), and to a lesser extent, little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) were more prevalent in forested, rural parks of the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge than in eastern, less forested urban parks of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces. Retention of larger, residual forest tracts and day-roosting habitat (i.e., trees and snags) would be beneficial to most species, as urban expansion continues throughout the region.