Exposure assessment for workers applying DDT to control malaria in Veracruz, Mexico.
Exposure assessment for workers applying DDT to control malaria in Veracruz, Mexico.
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在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州，对使用滴滴涕控制疟疾的工人进行暴露评估。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Veronica Cruz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lilia Rivero;V. H. Borja;Carlos Santos;Stefan Waliszewskiy;Camilo Ríos;Veronica Cruz
在墨西哥，滴滴涕已被系统地用于防治疟疾的卫生运动。为了评估慢性职业暴露，我们研究了一组致力于在韦拉克鲁斯州喷洒房屋以控制疟疾媒介的工人。通过测量脂肪组织样本中的滴滴涕代谢物，直接估计了40名工人的接触情况，并通过问卷调查确定了331名工人的职业史，间接估计了他们的接触情况。参与者的年龄从20岁到70岁不等，80%的工人已经在卫生运动中工作了至少20年。脂肪组织样品中可提取脂质平均浓度如下：总滴滴涕，104.48微克/克；p,p′-DDE， 60.98微克/克；p,p'-DDT， 31.0微克/克；o,p'-DDT， 2.10微克/克；p′-DDD为0.95微克/克。选择滴滴涕代谢物p，p′-DDE作为慢性暴露指标。根据工人的工位和滴滴涕使用的历史持续时间和强度，构建了慢性职业暴露指数。包括该指数、防护装备的使用和最近的体重减轻在内的线性模型解释了脂肪组织中p，p'-DDE浓度变化的55%。通过该模型，331名工人脂肪组织中p，p′-DDE浓度预测值在9.56 ~ 298.4微克/g脂肪之间，几何平均值为67.41微克/g。脂肪组织中滴滴涕的含量如此之高，需要制定预防接触计划，并促进更安全的使用措施和卫生。我们还讨论了在健康影响的流行病学研究中使用滴滴涕接触的间接测量方法。
DDT has systematically been used in sanitation campaigns against malaria in Mexico. To assess chronic occupational exposure, we studied a group of workers dedicated to spraying houses to control malaria vectors in the state of Veracruz. Exposure was directly estimated for a subgroup of 40 workers by measuring DDT metabolites in adipose tissue samples and indirectly estimated for 331 workers by using a questionnaire to determine their occupational history. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 70 years, and 80% of the workers had been employed in the sanitation campaign for at least 20 years. The mean concentrations of extractable lipids found in adipose tissue samples were as follows: total DDT, 104.48 micrograms/g; p,p'-DDE, 60.98 micrograms/g; p,p'-DDT, 31.0 micrograms/g; o,p'-DDT, 2.10 micrograms/g; and p,p'-DDD, 0.95 microgram/g. The DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE was selected as the indicator of chronic exposure. An index of chronic occupational exposure was constructed according to worker position and based on the historical duration and intensity of DDT application. A linear model including this index, the use of protective gear, and recent weight loss explained 55% of the variation of p,p'-DDE concentrations in adipose tissue. By this model, the predicted values of p,p'-DDE concentration in adipose tissue for the 331 workers are between 9.56 micrograms/g and 298.4 micrograms/g of fat, with a geometric mean of 67.41 micrograms/g. These high levels of DDT in adipose tissue call for exposure prevention programs and the promotion of more secure application measures and hygiene. We also discuss the use of indirect measures of DDT exposure in epidemiological studies of health effects.
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
WOLFF, MS;TONIOLO, PG;DUBIN, N
通讯作者：
DUBIN, N