The first frost in the Pipe Nebula

The first frost in the Pipe Nebula
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管道星云中的第一场霜冻

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201629830
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Spaans
Spaans
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bailey;Jeffrey D;Caselli;Esplugues;Gisela B;Cazaux;Stephanie;Spaans

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对附近恒星形成区域冰的光谱研究表明,在尘埃颗粒上形成冰幔分两个不同的步骤,从极地冰形成(富含H2O)开始,然后转向极地冰(富含CO)。目的:我们测试这幅图在更分散和静止的云上的应用效果,在这些云上可以看到第一层冰幔的形成。方法对管状星云背后的背景星进行中分辨率近红外光谱分析。结果在21个源中,有7个源在3.0μm处检测到水冰吸收,并成功还原了观测光谱。水冰的峰值光学深度明显低于同等视差的金牛座。水冰光学深度最大的光源在4.7μm处也有CO冰吸收。CO冰相对于水冰的分数丰度为16-6+7%,大约是低质量恒星形成区域中典型值的一半。结论CO冰的少量丰度与现有的一些模拟结果一致。云早期扩散阶段的CO2ice观测对于理解极地冰和极地冰形成之间的转换机制起着决定性的作用。
ContextSpectroscopic studies of ices in nearby star-forming regions indicate that ice mantles form on dust grains in two distinct steps, starting with polar ice formation (H2O rich) and switching to apolar ice (CO rich).AimsWe test how well the picture applies to more diffuse and quiescent clouds where the formation of the first layers of ice mantles can be witnessed.MethodsMedium-resolution near-infrared spectra are obtained toward background field stars behind the Pipe Nebula.ResultsThe water ice absorption is positively detected at 3.0μm in seven lines of sight out of 21 sources for which observed spectra are successfully reduced. The peak optical depth of the water ice is significantly lower than those in Taurus with the sameAV. The source with the highest water-ice optical depth shows CO ice absorption at 4.7μm as well. The fractional abundance of CO ice with respect to water ice is 16-6+7%, and about half as much as the values typically seen in low-mass star-forming regions.ConclusionsA small fractional abundance of CO ice is consistent with some of the existing simulations. Observations of CO2ice in the early diffuse phase of a cloud play a decisive role in understanding the switching mechanism between polar and apolar ice formation.
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