Semantics of the Transitive Construction: Prototype Effects and Developmental Comparisons
Semantics of the Transitive Construction: Prototype Effects and Developmental Comparisons
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及物结构的语义：原型效应和发展比较
DOI：
10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01249.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
M. Tomasello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul Ibbotson;Anna L. Theakston;E. Lieven;M. Tomasello
本文探讨了一个抽象的语言结构是否表现出非语言范畴的原型效应特征，在成人和幼儿。采用Franks和Bransford（1971）的原型加失真方法，我们发现，虽然成年人被引诱到具有原型传递语义的句子的假阳性识别，但幼儿没有表现出这种效果。我们研究了结果的两个主要含义。首先，它增加了一个新的数据点，越来越多的认知语言学和构式语法的研究表明，抽象的语言类别可以表现出类似的方式非语言类别，例如，通过显示类别的分级成员。因此，研究结果提供心理有效性现有的跨语言的证据原型传递语义。其次，我们讨论了一个可能的解释，即原型句子在成人和儿童不同的处理，即儿童的传递性语义网络是不互连或认知连贯的成人的。
This paper investigates whether an abstract linguistic construction shows the kind of prototype effects characteristic of non-linguistic categories, in both adults and young children. Adapting the prototype-plus-distortion methodology of Franks and Bransford (1971), we found that whereas adults were lured toward false-positive recognition of sentences with prototypical transitive semantics, young children showed no such effect. We examined two main implications of the results. First, it adds a novel data point to a growing body of research in cognitive linguistics and construction grammar that shows abstract linguistic categories can behave in similar ways to non-linguistic categories, for example, by showing graded membership of a category. Thus, the findings lend psychological validity to the existing cross-linguistic evidence for prototypical transitive semantics. Second, we discuss a possible explanation for the fact that prototypical sentences were processed differently in adults and children, namely, that children's transitive semantic network is not as interconnected or cognitively coherent as adults'.