Regulation of neurotrophic factors and energy metabolism by antidepressants in astrocytes.
Regulation of neurotrophic factors and energy metabolism by antidepressants in astrocytes.
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DOI：
10.2174/1389450111314110009
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Jean-Luc Martin;P. Magistretti;I. Allaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jean-Luc Martin;P. Magistretti;I. Allaman
越来越多的证据表明，星形胶质细胞参与了抑郁症的神经病理。特别是，在重度抑郁症患者大脑皮层中观察到的胶质细胞密度的降低伴随着几个星形细胞标志物的减少，这表明星形胶质细胞功能障碍可能参与了重度抑郁症的病理生理学。在啮齿动物中，前额叶皮质的胶质细胞丢失足以导致抑郁样行为，抗抑郁药物治疗可以阻止应激导致的海马区星形胶质细胞数量的减少。总而言之，这些数据支持星形胶质细胞丢失或功能障碍、抑郁样行为和抗抑郁药物治疗之间存在联系。星形胶质细胞在神经元发育、神经传递、突触可塑性和维持脑内稳态等方面发挥着重要作用。星形胶质细胞为神经元提供营养、结构和代谢支持也是公认的。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了抗抑郁药物调节能量代谢和神经营养因子表达的证据，特别是在星形胶质细胞中的研究。这些观察结果支持星形胶质细胞作为抗抑郁药物的新靶点的作用。星形胶质细胞糖代谢和神经营养因子表达的变化对抗抑郁药物疗效的贡献仍有待确定。
There is growing evidence that astrocytes are involved in the neuropathology of major depression. In particular, decreases in glial cell density observed in the cerebral cortex of individuals with major depressive disorder are accompanied by a reduction of several astrocytic markers suggesting that astrocyte dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of major depression. In rodents, glial loss in the prefrontal cortex is sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors and antidepressant treatment prevents the stress-induced reduction of astrocyte number in the hippocampus. Collectively, these data support the existence of a link between astrocyte loss or dysfunction, depressive-like behavior and antidepressant treatment. Astrocytes are increasingly recognized to play important roles in neuronal development, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and maintenance of brain homeostasis. It is also well established that astrocytes provide trophic, structural, and metabolic support to neurons. In this article, we review evidence that antidepressants regulate energy metabolism and neurotrophic factor expression with particular emphasis on studies in astrocytes. These observations support a role for astrocytes as new targets for antidepressants. The contribution of changes in astrocyte glucose metabolism and neurotrophic factor expression to the therapeutic effects of antidepressants remains to be established.