Prediction of Energy Consumption by Checkpoint/Restart in HPC
Prediction of Energy Consumption by Checkpoint/Restart in HPC
复制标题
HPC 中检查点/重启的能耗预测
作者：
M. Morán;J. Balladini;Dolores Rexachs;E. Luque
当今在高性能计算（HPC）中最常用的容错方法是协调检查点。与任何其他容错方法一样，这会给应用程序的执行增加额外的能耗。目前，了解并最大限度地减少这种能源消耗是一项挑战。本文的目的是提出一个模型来估计检查点和重启操作的能量消耗和方法，其建设。这些估计数允许对不同的情景进行评估，以尽量减少能源消耗。我们专注于协调检查点/重新启动在系统级，在单程序多数据（SPMD）的应用程序，同构集群。我们研究了在检查点/重启操作期间计算节点消耗的功率的行为，以及它的执行时间，考虑到系统和应用程序的不同参数。在两个平台上进行的实验表明了该方案的有效性。我们还评估了处理器的C状态，网络文件系统（NFS）的配置，检查点文件存储的地方，和检查点文件的压缩的功率和能源消耗的影响。本文有助于预测的目标，使用检查点/重新启动的应用程序的执行中的能源消耗。不计算异常值，我们可以估计错误低于7.5%的检查点/重启操作所消耗的能量。
The fault tolerance method most used today in high-performance computing (HPC) is coordinated checkpointing. This, like any other fault tolerance method, adds additional energy consumption to that of the execution of the application. Currently, knowing and minimizing this energy consumption is a challenge. The objective of this paper is to propose a model to estimate the energy consumption of checkpoint and restart operations and a method for its construction. These estimates allow the evaluation of different scenarios in order to minimize energy consumption. We focus on coordinated checkpoint/restart at the system level, in single-program multiple-data (SPMD) applications, on homogeneous clusters. We study the behavior of the power dissipated by the compute node during a checkpoint/restart operation, as well as its execution time, considering different parameters of the system and the application. The experimentation carried out on two platforms shows the validity of the proposal. We also evaluate the impact on power and energy consumption of the processor’s C states, the configuration of the network file system (NFS), where the checkpoint files are stored, and the compression of the checkpoint files. This paper contributes to the objective of predicting energy consumption in the execution of applications that use checkpoint/restart. Not counting the outliers, we can estimate the energy consumed by checkpoint/restart operations with errors lower than 7.5%.