Central nervous pathways and control of the airways
Central nervous pathways and control of the airways
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DOI：
10.1016/s0034-5687(00)00205-x
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jordan, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jordan, D
气道肌肉和分泌物的神经控制主要通过兴奋性副交感神经和非肾上腺素能、非胆碱能神经支配（兴奋性和/或抑制性取决于物种）。影响气道反射的功能不同的传入神经终止于孤束核的不同但重叠的部分，在那里发生同时诱发的反射反应的整合。副交感神经节前神经元位于迷走神经背核和疑核中，其中还包含上气道运动神经元。这些输出神经元接收来自中枢呼吸网络的输入，从而改变反射活动的有效性。这一点尤其重要，因为许多引起气道反射的传入同时改变呼吸驱动。因此，它们对流出的影响是双重的，直接反射作用和间接呼吸作用，并且这些作用可能相互促进或拮抗。虽然，在某些特定情况下，例如，对单个电机流出有反射控制。吞咽和咳嗽会引发典型的运动流出模式。讨论了气道控制这些方面的神经机制。 (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
Neural control of airway muscles and secretions is predominantly by excitatory parasympathetic and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic innervations (excitatory and/or inhibitory depending on the species). Functionally distinct afferents effecting airway reflexes terminate in different but overlapping parts of the nucleus tractus solitarius, where integration of simultaneously evoked reflex responses occurs. Parasympathetic preganglionic neurones are located in the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus, which also contains upper airway motoneurones. These output neurones receive inputs from the central respiratory network which modify the effectiveness of reflex activity. This is particularly important since many afferents evoking airway reflexes concurrently modify respiratory drive. Thus, their effect on the outflow is twofold, a direct reflex effect and an indirect respiratory action and these may facilitate or antagonise one another. Although, there is reflex control of individual motor outflows, in some defined situations, e.g. swallowing and coughing a stereotypical pattern of motor outflow is evoked. The neural mechanisms underlying these aspects of airway control are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.