Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection?
Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00432.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Morawska, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morawska, L.
在考虑人们是如何感染的以及如何预防感染时，需要从许多学科寻求答案：微生物学、流行病学、医学、工程学和物理学。感染传播途径有很多，从流行病学角度来看，最重要的途径是空气传播。当说话、咳嗽、打喷嚏、呕吐或在污水处理过程中雾化粪便时产生的飞沫会使微生物传播到空气中。液滴的命运是由传输的物理原理决定的，液滴的大小是影响它们在表面上的分散、沉积和决定液滴内微生物生存的最重要因素。此外，室内环境的物理特性以及建筑通风系统的设计和运行也至关重要。我们是否了解感染传播的机制，我们能否量化各种室内条件下的飞沫动力学？不幸的是，没有，因为感染传播的这一方面几乎没有引起科学的兴趣。然而，对大量人感染的许多病例的调查表明，微生物传播的物理原理是多么重要。本文综述了有关飞沫传播机制的知识状况以及减少传播和预防感染的现有解决方案。
When considering how people are infected and what can be done to prevent the infections, answers from many disciplines are sought: microbiology, epidemiology, medicine, engineering, and physics. There are many pathways to infection spread, and among the most significant from the epidemiological point of view is airborne transport. Microorganisms can become airborne when droplets are generated during speech, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or atomization of feces during sewage removal. The fate of the droplets is governed by the physical principles of transport, with droplet size being the most important factor affecting their dispersion, deposition on surfaces and determining the survival of microorganisms within the droplets. In addition, physical characteristics of the indoor environment as well as the design and operation of building ventilation systems are of critical importance. Do we understand the mechanisms of infection spread and can we quantify the droplet dynamics under various indoor conditions? Unfortunately no, as this aspect of infection spread has attracted surprisingly little scientific interest. However, investigations of numerous cases in which a large number of people were infected show how critical the physics of microorganism spread can be. This paper reviews the state of knowledge regarding mechanisms of droplet spread and solutions available to minimize the spread and prevent infections.