Air moisture control on ocean surface temperature, hidden key to the warm bias enigma
Air moisture control on ocean surface temperature, hidden key to the warm bias enigma
复制标题
空气湿度对海洋表面温度的控制，是解开暖偏差之谜的关键
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Rio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Hourdin;Alina Găinuşă;P. Braconnot;J. Dufresne;A. Traore;C. Rio
气候模式对东部热带海洋表面温度的系统高估，通常归因于海洋冷却不足或对层积云的低估。我们发现，在多模式模拟集合中，地表蒸发对暖偏强度弥散的贡献与云一样大。在规定海表温度的大气模拟中，具有最大暖偏的模式是具有最高表面辐射加热和最低蒸发冷却的模式。当大气与海洋耦合时，地表蒸发也控制着地表温度对这种高估的升温反应的幅度。由于饱和湿度的增加和近地表空气的意外干燥，蒸发量随着温度的升高而增加。偏置的起源和温度调整都表明近地表相对湿度及其由大气模式控制的关键作用。
The systematic overestimation by climate models of the surface temperature over the eastern tropical oceans is generally attributed to an insufficient oceanic cooling or to an underestimation of stratocumulus clouds. We show that surface evaporation contributes as much as clouds to the dispersion of the warm bias intensity in a multimodel simulations ensemble. The models with the largest warm biases are those with the highest surface heating by radiation and lowest evaporative cooling in atmospheric simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures. Surface evaporation also controls the amplitude of the surface temperature response to this overestimated heating, when the atmosphere is coupled to an ocean. Evaporation increases with temperature both because of increasing saturation humidity and of an unexpected drying of the near‐surface air. Both the origin of the bias and this temperature adjustment point to the key role of near‐surface relative humidity and its control by the atmospheric model.