Child Maltreatment and Risk for Psychopathology in Childhood and Adulthood
Child Maltreatment and Risk for Psychopathology in Childhood and Adulthood
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045005
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jaffee, Sara R.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jaffee, Sara R.
尽管虐待儿童的比率正在下降，但美国仍有60多万儿童被证实是虐待或忽视的受害者。本综述的重点是虐待与儿童期和成年期心理健康问题之间的关系。在童年时期遭受虐待或忽视的儿童和成人有可能出现一系列不良的心理健康结果，包括内化和外化精神病理学、创伤后应激障碍、精神病症状和人格障碍。我回顾了三种潜在的机制，虐待可能会增加各种形式的精神病理学的风险，（a）对威胁的高度警惕，（B）情感识别和理解的缺陷，以及（c）对奖励的低反应。我还审查了遗传和心理社会因素，缓和虐待和精神病理学风险之间的关系。最后，我讨论了方法论的局限性的文献虐待，强调与建立一个因果关系的作用虐待（和仲裁员或调解员虐待）在发展中的心理健康问题和依赖的许多研究回顾性自我报告的挑战。
Although rates of child maltreatment are declining, more than 600,000 children in the United States are substantiated victims of abuse or neglect. The focus of this review is on the relationship between maltreatment and mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. Children and adults who are exposed to abuse or neglect in childhood are at risk for a range of poor mental health outcomes, including internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychotic symptoms, and personality disorders. I review three potential mechanisms by which maltreatment may increase risk for various forms of psychopathology, (a) hypervigilance to threat, (b) deficits in emotion recognition and understanding, and (c) low responsivity to reward. I also review genetic and psychosocial factors that moderate the relationship between maltreatment and risk for psychopathology. Finally, I discuss methodological limitations of the literature on maltreatment, with an emphasis on the challenges associated with establishing a causal role for maltreatment (and moderators or mediators of maltreatment) in the development of mental health problems and the reliance of many studies on retrospective self-reports.