Automatic activation of self-discrepancies and emotional syndromes: when cognitive structures influence affect.
Automatic activation of self-discrepancies and emotional syndromes: when cognitive structures influence affect.
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1004
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发表时间：
1987-12
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
T. Strauman;E. Tory Higgins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Strauman;E. Tory Higgins
不同类型的自我差异与不同的负面情感相关。进行了两项研究以确定特定的实际自我与自我导向之间的不匹配（作为认知结构）的自动激活是否会引发不同的情绪状态。实际自我与理想自我导向（某人希望或期望自己拥有的特质）或应该自我导向（某人认为自己有责任或义务拥有的特质）之间存在显著差异的受试者在“思考其他人”时对一盘录音带做出口头反应。研究1涉及两种启动属性：自我相关的和匹配的（另一个受试者的自我相关属性）。激活不匹配在理想自我有差异的受试者中引发了短暂的沮丧综合征（悲伤，唤醒程度降低），但在应该自我有差异的受试者中引发了焦虑（紧张，唤醒程度提高）。在研究2中，受试者被随机分配到自我相关/无差异、自我差异或匹配启动组。研究1的结果仅在自我差异启动条件下得到了重复。结果表明：(a)不匹配构成认知结构；(b)通过情境启动自动激活不同的不匹配会引发不同类型的情绪不适。
Different types of self-discrepancies are associated with different negative affects. Two studies were conducted to determine whether automatic activation of specific actual-self: self-guide mismatches, as cognitive structures, would induce distinct emotional states. Subjects possessing significant discrepancies between their actual self and either their ideal self-guide (attributes that someone wishes or hopes the person would possess) or their ought self-guide (attributes that someone believes the person has the duty or obligation to possess) responded verbally to an audiotape while "thinking about other people." Study 1 involved two kinds of priming attributes: self-relevant and yoked (another subject's self-relevant attributes). Activating mismatches induced momentary syndromes of dejection (sadness, decreased arousal) in ideal-discrepant subjects but induced agitation (nervousness, increased arousal) in ought-discrepant subjects. In Study 2, subjects were randomized to either self-relevant/nondiscrepant, self-discrepant, or yoked priming. The findings of Study 1 were replicated for the self-discrepant priming condition alone. Results indicate that (a) mismatches constitute cognitive structures and (b) automatic activation of different mismatches via contextual priming induces distinct types of emotional discomfort.