Tuning the instrument: sonic properties in the spider's web
Tuning the instrument: sonic properties in the spider's web
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2016.0341
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Vollrath, F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mortimer, B.;Soler, A.;Vollrath, F.
蜘蛛圆网是多功能的，可以吸收猎物的冲击能量，并将振动信息传递给蜘蛛。本文探讨了丝材料的性质，振动在网络中的传播和蜘蛛控制和平衡网络功能的能力之间的联系。结合实验和建模方法，我们对比横向和纵向波在网络中的传播。研究表明，网中的横波和纵波振幅都可以通过改变网张力和拖丝刚度来调节，即可以由蜘蛛控制的特性。特别是，我们提出牵引丝超收缩可能已经演变为这些多功能纤维的控制机制。对网络工程的不同程度的积极影响揭示了蜘蛛塑造其自制材料和架构的物理特性以影响生物功能的非凡能力，平衡结构和感官功能之间的权衡。
Spider orb webs are multifunctional, acting to absorb prey impact energy and transmit vibratory information to the spider. This paper explores the links between silk material properties, propagation of vibrations within webs and the ability of the spider to control and balance web function. Combining experimental and modelling approaches, we contrast transverse and longitudinal wave propagation in the web. It emerged that both transverse and longitudinal wave amplitude in the web can be adjusted through changes in web tension and dragline silk stiffness, i.e. properties that can be controlled by the spider. In particular, we propose that dragline silk supercontraction may have evolved as a control mechanism for these multifunctional fibres. The various degrees of active influence on web engineering reveals the extraordinary ability of spiders to shape the physical properties of their self-made materials and architectures to affect biological functionality, balancing trade-offs between structural and sensory functions.