Soil quality for sustainable land management: Organic matter and aggregation interactions that maintain soil functions
Soil quality for sustainable land management: Organic matter and aggregation interactions that maintain soil functions
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj2002.0038
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Carter, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, MR
土壤质量概念通常用于评价农业生态系统中的可持续土地管理。本综述的目的是跟踪加拿大可持续土地管理研究中土壤有机质（SOM）的重要性，并说明SOM和聚集在维持土壤功能的作用。加拿大对土壤质量的研究始于20世纪80年代初，研究表明，有机质和土壤团聚体稳定性的丧失是不可持续土地利用的标准特征。随后的研究使用以下逻辑顺序评估SOM质量：土壤目的和功能，过程，属性和指标，和方法。在这个土壤质量框架的限制步骤是土壤特性的关键限制和标准化的问题。目前，使用普遍接受的参考值或基于SOM与特定土壤过程或功能（例如，土壤肥力、生产力或可蚀性）。有机物部分（例如，宏观有机质、轻组分、微生物生物量和可矿化度C）描述了土壤有机质的质量。这些组分具有生物学意义的几个土壤功能和过程，是总有机质变化的敏感指标。总有机质影响土壤紧实度，脆碎度和土壤持水能力，而聚合的有机质具有重要意义的土壤功能，在调节空气和水的渗透，保存养分，并影响土壤渗透性和可蚀性。总的来说，有机质输入，动态的砂大小的宏观有机质，土壤团聚过程是维持和调节有机质在土壤中发挥作用的重要因素。
Soil quality concepts are commonly used to evaluate sustainable land management in agroecosystems. The objectives of this review were to trace the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in Canadian sustainable land management studies and illustrate the role of SOM and aggregation in sustaining soil functions. Canadian studies on soil quality were initiated in the early 1980s and showed that loss of SOM and soil aggregate stability were standard features of nonsustainable land use. Subsequent studies have evaluated SOM quality using the following logical sequence: soil purpose and function, processes, properties and indicators, and methodology. Limiting steps in this soil quality framework are the questions of critical limits and standardization for soil properties. At present, critical limits for SOM are selected using a commonly accepted reference value or based on empirically derived relations between SOM and a specific soil process or function (e.g., soil fertility, productivity, or erodibility). Organic matter fractions (e.g., macro-organic matter, light fraction, microbial biomass, and mineralizable C) describe the quality of SOM. These fractions have biological significance for several soil functions and processes and are sensitive indicators of changes in total SOM. Total SOM influences soil compactibility, friability, and soil water-holding capacity while aggregated SOM has major implications for the functioning of soil in regulating air and water infiltration, conserving nutrients, and influencing soil permeability and erodibility. Overall, organic matter inputs, the dynamics of the sand-sized macro-organic matter, and the soil aggregation process are important factors in maintaining and regulating organic matter functioning in soil.