Patterns of Alcohol Policy Enforcement Activities among Local Law Enforcement Agencies: A Latent Class Analysis.
Patterns of Alcohol Policy Enforcement Activities among Local Law Enforcement Agencies: A Latent Class Analysis.
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DOI：
10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.204
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Toomey TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erickson DJ;Rutledge PC;Lenk KM;Nelson TF;Jones-Webb R;Toomey TL
我们评估了美国地方执法机构的酒精政策执行活动的水平和模式。我们对 50 个州 1,631 个地方执法机构的代表性样本进行了横断面调查。我们评估了五个执法领域（未成年人持有/消费酒精、提供未成年人酒精、销售未成年人酒精、酒后驾车和过度饮酒）中每一个领域的 29 项酒精政策执法活动，并进行了一系列潜在类别分析，以确定每个领域的独特执法活动类别或模式。我们为每个执行域确定了三到四个独特的执行活动类别。在其中四个领域中，我们确定了统一低级（即很少或没有执行）和统一高执行活动级（即相对较高的执行水平），以及一两个中级，其中进行了一些但不是全部活动。未成年人供给领域有统一低级，但没有统一高级。统一低等级是三个领域中最普遍的等级：未成年人供应（58%）、未成年人销售（61%）和过度服务（79%）。相比之下，只有不到四分之一的机构属于统一高年级。我们确定了执法活动的质量不同模式，大部分机构属于很少或没有执法的类别，而较少的机构属于高执法类别。下一步重要的是确定这些模式是否与饮酒率以及与酒精相关的伤害和死亡率有关。
We assessed levels and patterns of alcohol policy enforcement activities among U.S. local law enforcement agencies. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1,631 local law enforcement agencies across the 50 states. We assessed 29 alcohol policy enforcement activities within each of five enforcement domains—underage alcohol possession/consumption, underage alcohol provision, underage alcohol sales, impaired driving, and overservice of alcohol—and conducted a series of latent class analyses to identify unique classes or patterns of enforcement activity for each domain. We identified three to four unique enforcement activity classes for each of the enforcement domains. In four of the domains, we identified a Uniformly Low class (i.e., little or no enforcement) and a Uniformly High enforcement activity class (i.e., relatively high levels of enforcement), with one or two middle classes where some but not all activities were conducted. The underage provision domain had a Uniformly Low class but not a Uniformly High class. The Uniformly Low class was the most prevalent class in three domains: underage provision (58%), underage sales (61%), and overservice (79%). In contrast, less than a quarter of agencies were in Uniformly High classes. We identified qualitatively distinct patterns of enforcement activity, with a large proportion of agencies in classes characterized by little or no enforcement and fewer agencies in high enforcement classes. An important next step is to determine if these patterns are associated with rates of alcohol use and alcohol-related injury and mortality.