Chlorotyrosines and Oleic Acid Chlorohydrins as Byproducts in Disinfected Conventional Drinking Waters and Potable Reuse Waters
Chlorotyrosines and Oleic Acid Chlorohydrins as Byproducts in Disinfected Conventional Drinking Waters and Potable Reuse Waters
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00143
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Min-Jeong Suh;Marlena M. Hinkle;Stephanie S. Lau;W. Mitch
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作者：
Min-Jeong Suh;Marlena M. Hinkle;Stephanie S. Lau;W. Mitch
最近的研究表明，表征不佳的高分子量消毒副产物（DBP）部分（超过两个碳）比目前感兴趣的一到两个碳的DBP对细胞毒性的贡献更大。肽和脂质有助于供水中的DBP前体。虽然部分降解，但其一部分单体保留其结构。以酪氨酸和油酸为例，本研究说明了有针对性的分析其氯化副产物作为表征高分子量DBPs的方法。在生物聚合物被消化以释放单体后，在饮用水再利用设施的六个二级流出物中的四个中检测到浓度高达91 nM（47 μg/L）的油酸，而在两个流出物中检测到浓度高达1.3 nM（0.43 μg/L）的氯代醇。在所有6份流出物样品中均检测到浓度高达42 nM（7.6 μg/L）的酪氨酸。3-在4份样品中检测到浓度高达3.3 nM（0.71 μg/L）的氯酪氨酸，在3份样品中检测到浓度高达2.1 nM（0.53 μg/L）的3，5-二氯酪氨酸。这些消毒副产物在传统的饮用沃茨中检测到，但在较低的频率和浓度。当检测到时，氯代醇对细胞毒性的贡献与一些（但不是全部）一至二碳DBP类相当。
Recent research indicates that the poorly characterized high-molecular weight disinfection byproduct (DBP) fraction (more than two carbons) contributes more to cytotoxicity than the one- to two-carbon DBPs of current interest. Peptides and lipids contribute to DBP precursors in water supplies. Although partially degraded, a portion of their monomers retain their structures. Using tyrosine and oleic acid as exemplars, this study illustrates the targeted analysis of their chlorinated byproducts as an approach to characterizing high-molecular weight DBPs. After biopolymers had been digested to liberate monomers, oleic acid was detected in four of six secondary effluents from potable reuse facilities at concentrations of up to 91 nM (47 μg/L), while its chlorohydrins were detected in two effluents at concentrations of up to 1.3 nM (0.43 μg/L). Tyrosine was detected in all six effluent samples at concentrations of up to 42 nM (7.6 μg/L). 3-Chlorotyrosine was detected in four samples at concentrations of up to 3.3 nM (0.71 μg/L), and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine was detected in three samples at concentrations of up to 2.1 nM (0.53 μg/L). These DBPs were detected in conventional drinking waters, but at lower frequencies and concentrations. When detected, the contribution of chlorohydrins to cytotoxicity was comparable to some, but not all, of the one- to two-carbon DBP classes.