Clostridium welchii: Notes on the Relationship between the Types of Cultures and the Production of Toxin.
Clostridium welchii: Notes on the Relationship between the Types of Cultures and the Production of Toxin.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0368-1742(38)80023-0
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发表时间：
1938-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ross, H. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dalltng, T.;Ross, H. E.
使用血清，其中抗体的比例，以各种毒素的clw。在已知的情况下，作者采用a和β毒素的溶血试验和β和e毒素的小鼠静脉注射试验来评估该组在各种条件下产生的毒素的效力。对于毒素的产生，含有50%肉末的肉汤培养基是最成功的，而只有10%的肉是首选的β或毒素。每一种都是在短时间的快速生长后收获的。在含有50%肉类的培养基中孵育4至5天后，毒素的浓度达到最高。葡萄糖或胰蛋白酶的添加、孵育时间、pH值和培养基的体积都会影响每种毒素在产生多种毒素的培养物中的相对比例。从死亡羔羊中分离出B型和D型肠毒血症。D型出现在胃和十二指肠，B型出现在回肠。美国瓦茨。Cl似乎有四种文化类型。韦氏菌产生五种毒素中的一种或多种。下表总结了GLENNY和他的同事的工作[这个公报，1934,v. 9,67]: -[img 1T141359.tif] α毒素具有溶血作用，静脉注射对小鼠是致命的，在豚鼠和家兔皮内注射后引起坏死。这种毒素没有溶血作用，但对老鼠是致命的，并会导致豚鼠和兔子的皮肤坏死。静脉注射的小鼠会出现痉挛性抽搐，几乎立即死亡。γ毒素对小鼠是致命的，但对豚鼠不会造成皮肤坏死。它不是溶血性的。三角洲毒素有溶血作用，但对小鼠不致命，也不会造成皮肤坏死（GLENNY和他的同事说这种毒素对小鼠是致命的）。epsilon毒素没有溶血作用，但对小鼠是致命的，并在豚鼠和兔子身上产生皮肤坏死。在实验室培养条件下，许多因素影响这些毒素的产生，如肉的量、培养基的pH值、糖的存在、胰蛋白酶的添加以及孵育时间的长短。任何一种能够产生多种毒素的生物体，只会产生那些存在最佳条件的毒素。因此，在研究任何菌株时，有必要为每一种毒素的产生提供有利的条件。通过适当的抗毒素，可以证明不同毒素的存在，从而将生物体分配到适当的培养类型。实地观察表明，患有羔羊痢疾的动物的肠道内容物中可能同时存在一种以上的培养类型的生物体和一种以上的毒素。因此，在预防绵羊和羔羊因韦氏杆菌感染而产生的各种肠毒血症时，应对所有不同的毒素提供保护。g·s·威尔逊。
Using sera in which the proportions of the antibodies to the various toxins of the Cl.w. group were known, the authors employed the haemolytic tests for a and beta toxins and the mouse intravenous test for beta and e toxins, in assessing the potency of the toxins produced by this group under various conditions. For the production of a toxin a meat broth medium containing 50 % of minced meat was the most successful, while only 10% of meat was to be preferred for beta or toxins. Each of these is best harvested after a short period of rapid growth. The e toxin was produced in highest concentration after four to five days incubation in a medium containing 50 % of meat. The addition of glucose or trypsin, the period of incubation, the pH and the volume of medium affected the relative proportions of each type of toxin in cultures yielding more than one type. From lambs dying of enterotoxaemia types B and D were isolated. The D type occurred in the stomach and duodenum and the B type in the ileum.-P. S. WATTS.There appear to be four cultural types of Cl. welchii producing one or more of five different toxins. The following table summarizes the work of GLENNY and his colleagues [this Bulletin, 1934, v. 9, 67]: -[img 1T141359.tif] The alpha toxin is haemolytic, is lethal to mice on intravenous injection, and causes necrosis after intradermal injection into guineapigs and rabbits. The beta toxin is not haemolytic, but is lethal to mice and causes skin necrosis in guineapigs and rabbits. Mice injected intravenously develop spasmodic twitchings and die almost at once. The gamma toxin is lethal to mice, but does not produce skin necrosis in guineapigs. It is not haemolytic. The delta toxin is haemolytic, but is not lethal to mice and is not capable of producing skin necrosis (GLENNY and his colleagues stated that this toxin was lethal to mice). The epsilon toxin is not haemolytic, but is lethal to mice and produces skin necrosis in guineapigs and rabbits. Numerous factors influence the production of these toxins under laboratory conditions of cultivation, such as the amount of meat present, the pH of the medium, the presence of sugar, the addition of trypsin, and the length of incubation. Any one type of organism capable of producing several toxins will produce only those for which optimal conditions exist. Hence in studying any strain it is necessary to provide the conditions favourable for the production of each individual type of toxin. By suitable antitoxins it is possible to demonstrate the presence of the different toxins and so to assign the organism to its proper cultural type. Observations in the field have shown that more than one cultural type of organism and more than one toxin may be present together in the intestinal contents of animals suffering from lamb dysentery. In the prevention of the various enterotoxaemias of sheep and lambs due to welchii infection protection should therefore be afforded against all the different toxins. G. S. Wilson.