POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN 2-PATCH ENVIRONMENTS - SOME ANOMALOUS CONSEQUENCES OF AN OPTIMAL HABITAT DISTRIBUTION
POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN 2-PATCH ENVIRONMENTS - SOME ANOMALOUS CONSEQUENCES OF AN OPTIMAL HABITAT DISTRIBUTION
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DOI：
10.1016/0040-5809(85)90027-9
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
HOLT, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HOLT, RD
人口规模和稳定性的扩散的影响进行了探讨，人口分散被动两个离散的栖息地补丁之间。两个基本模型被认为是。在第一个模型中，一个单一的人口的经验密度依赖的增长在两个补丁。一个图形化的建设，它允许一个确定的空间格局的丰度平衡最合理的增长模型和扩散率。在相当一般的条件下证明了该均衡是唯一的且全局稳定的。在第二个模型中，扩散种群是一个食物有限的捕食者，它同时存在于源栖息地（其中包含猎物种群）和汇栖息地（其中不包含）。源和汇栖息地之间的被动扩散可以稳定不稳定的捕食者-猎物相互作用。允许这一点的条件进行了详细探讨。最优栖息地选择理论预测了种群的进化状态分布，因为个体可以在栖息地之间自由移动，以最大化个体适应度。这个理论是用来开发一个启发式的论点，为什么被动扩散应该总是有选择地不利（忽略亲属效应）在空间异质性，但时间恒定的环境。对于这里考虑的两个模型，被动扩散可能会导致更多的个人在两个栖息地相结合，如果没有扩散。这意味着，最佳栖息地分布的演变可能会导致人口规模的减少，在捕食者-猎物模型的情况下，它可能有不稳定的相互作用的额外效果。本文最后讨论了栖息地选择可能对一个物种所占据的地理范围的不同影响。
The effect of dispersal on population size and stability is explored for a population that disperses passively between two discrete habitat patches. Two basic models are considered. In the first model, a single population experiences density-dependent growth in both patches. A graphical construction is presented which allows one to determine the spatial pattern of abundance at equilibrium for most reasonable growth models and rates of dispersal. It is shown under rather general conditions that this equilibrium is unique and globally stable. In the second model, the dispersing population is a food-limited predator that occurs in both a source habitat (which contains a prey population) and a sink habitat (which does not) Passive dispersal between source and sink habitats can stabilize an otherwise unstable predator-prey interaction. The conditions allowing this are explored in some detail. The theory of optimal habitat selection predicts the evolutionarily stale distribution of a population, given that individuals can freely move among habitats so as to maximize individual fitness. This theory is used to develop a heuristic argument for why passive dispersal should always be selectively disadvantageous (ignoring kin effects) in a spatially heterogeneous but temporally constant environment. For both the models considered here, passive dispersal may lead to a greater number of individuals in both habitats combined than if there were no dispersal. This implies that the evolution of an optimal habitat distribution may lead to a reduction in population size; in the case of the predator-prey model, it may have the additional effect of destabilizing the interaction. The paper concludes with a discussion of the disparate effects habitat selection might have on the geographical range occupied by a species.