Seasonality and the Coexistence of Pathogen Strains

Seasonality and the Coexistence of Pathogen Strains
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季节性和病原体菌株的共存

DOI:
10.1086/723490
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dwyer, Greg
Dwyer, Greg
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Andreasen, Viggo;Dwyer, Greg

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宿主-病原体模型通常通过引用种群结构来解释病原体菌株的共存,这意味着宿主或病原体在空间或个体之间的变化;然而,大多数模型忽略了自然界中典型的宿主-病原体相互作用的季节变化。为了确定季节性在多大程度上可以驱动病原体共存,我们构建了一个模型,在这个模型中,季节性宿主繁殖助长了每年的流行病,然后是没有传播的流行间期,这是自然界中许多宿主-病原体相互作用的模式。在我们的模型中,具有低传染性和高流行间存活率的病原体菌株可以与具有高传染性和低流行间存活率的菌株共存:因此季节性允许共存。这种看似简单的共存可以通过两种截然不同的病原体策略来实现,但理解这些策略需要新颖的数学分析。标准分析表明,如果竞争菌株在r0(完全易感人群中每个感染寿命的新感染数)方面不同,就可以共存。然而,一种分析瞬时动力学的新颖数学方法使我们能够证明,如果一个菌株的err0低于其竞争对手,但初始适应度λ0更高,则共存也可能发生,初始适应度λ0是指完全易感群体中单位时间内的新感染数。第二种策略允许共存的病原体具有非常相似的表型,而依赖于r0值差异的共存要求共存的病原体具有非常不同的表型。我们的新分析方法表明,在宿主-病原体相互作用中,瞬态动力学是一个被忽视的力量。
Host-pathogen models usually explain the coexistence of pathogen strains by invoking population structure, meaning host or pathogen variation across space or individuals; most models, however, neglect the seasonal variation typical of host-pathogen interactions in nature. To determine the extent to which seasonality can drive pathogen coexistence, we constructed a model in which seasonal host reproduction fuels annual epidemics, which are in turn followed by interepidemic periods with no transmission, a pattern seen in many host-pathogen interactions in nature. In our model, a pathogen strain with low infectiousness and high interepidemic survival can coexist with a strain with high infectiousness and low interepidemic survival: seasonality thus permits coexistence. This seemingly simple type of coexistence can be achieved through two very different pathogen strategies, but understanding these strategies requires novel mathematical analyses. Standard analyses show that coexistence can occur if the competing strains differ in terms ofR0, the number of new infections per infectious life span in a completely susceptible population. A novel mathematical method of analyzing transient dynamics, however, allows us to show that coexistence can also occur if one strain has a lowerR0than its competitor but a higher initial fitness λ0, the number of new infections per unit time in a completely susceptible population. This second strategy allows coexisting pathogens to have quite similar phenotypes, whereas coexistence that depends on differences inR0values requires that coexisting pathogens have very different phenotypes. Our novel analytic method suggests that transient dynamics are an overlooked force in host-pathogen interactions.
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