Origins of Pioneer Apple Orchards in the American West: Random Seeding versus Artisan Horticulture
Origins of Pioneer Apple Orchards in the American West: Random Seeding versus Artisan Horticulture
复制标题
美国西部先锋苹果园的起源：随机播种与手工园艺
DOI：
10.3098/ah.2010.84.4.423
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
David H. Diamond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David H. Diamond
革命前，殖民地的美国消费者重建了英国的苹果园。不起眼的随机出苗苹果和风味“浓郁”的英国苹果酒都贬值了。殖民地晚期的消费者选择了一系列更甜、更多才多艺的苹果用于新鲜用途和烹饪准备，其他苹果用于烘干，许多“冬季饲养员”用于长期储存。这些树是由受过园艺培训的独特农民提供的，他们生产嫁接树作为混合作物产量的一部分。在俄亥俄山谷，对第一批美国苹果树的需求激增，那里激增的农场设施推动了商业农业企业的发展。到1800年，开拓者工匠园艺师向边疆农民出售美国最受欢迎的栽培苹果树品种，而神话中贩卖未经改良的随机幼苗的小贩只起到了微乎其微的作用。到1820年，技术苗圃每年销售数以万计的嫁接苹果树，他们是旧西北地区最具商业导向的农民之一。
Before the Revolution, colonial American consumers reconstituted the English apple orchard. Unremarkable random seedling apples and "high" flavored English cider fruits were devalued. Late colonial consumers selected a range of sweeter, more versatile apples for fresh use and culinary preparations, others for drying, and many "winter keepers" for long-term storage. These trees were supplied by distinctive, horticulturally trained farmers who produced grafted trees as part of their mixed crop output. Demand for this first catalog of American apple trees exploded in the Ohio Valley, where surging farm establishment fueled commercial agricultural enterprises. By 1800 pioneer artisan horticulturists were selling America’s favorite cultivated apple tree varieties to frontier farmers while mythologized peddlers of unimproved, random seedlings contributed only marginally. By 1820 craft nurserymen marketed tens of thousands of grafted apple trees annually and were among the most commercially oriented farmers in the Old Northwest.