Genetics of body size and related characters I Selecting small and large races of the laboratory mouse
Genetics of body size and related characters I Selecting small and large races of the laboratory mouse
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DOI：
10.1086/281181
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发表时间：
1944-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
MacArthur, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacArthur, JW
一个庞大的群体是由几个常见的实验室品系的小鼠杂交而成的，这些品系的体型并不显着。从一个分离的基础群体中连续进行8代体型选择，产生了：(1)体型较小的小种；(2)特别大的小种，出生时个体平均大1/4，60日龄时体重是小种的两倍。根据60日龄体重判断大小，根据子代测试、同胞相似性和个体表型进行选择。每一代人的种族都会分化，但分化的速度越来越小。它们的大小分布很少重叠或没有重叠，目前小种之间的差异超过了小种的平均重量。负选择比同等努力正选择获得的体重损失更少；[雌性][雌性]比[雄性][雄性]获得或损失的克更少。当测量转换成百分比或对数标度时，体重的得失在性别和种族中变得大致相等。这些数据与以下观点一致，即体型基因或修饰物相互相乘的S效应(即，几何作用)，而不是简单地增加或减少身体重量某个确定和恒定数量的克。
A large population was made up by hybridization of several common laboratory strains of mice which were in no way remarkable as to their body size. From one segregating foundation stock 8 successive generations of selections for body size have produced: (1) a race of small body size; and (2) an exceptionally large race, whose individuals average 1/4 larger at birth and twice the wt. of the small race at 60 days of age. Size was judged from the 60-day wt., and selections were based on progeny tests, sib likeness and individual phenotype. The races diverge each generation, but at a lessening rate. Their size distributions show little or no overlap, and the present difference between the races exceeds the mean wt. of the small race. Less grams of body wt. were lost by the minus selections than were gained by equal effort at plus selection; and less grams were gained or lost by [female][female] than by [male][male]. When measurements are transformed to a percentage or a logarithmic scale the wt. gains and losses become approximately equal in both sexes and races. These data agree with the view that size genes or modifiers multiply each other''s effects (that is, act geometrically), and do not simply add to or subtract from the body wt. some definite and constant number of grams.