X‐ray Signatures of Lightning‐Induced Electron Precipitation

X‐ray Signatures of Lightning‐Induced Electron Precipitation
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闪电的 X 射线特征——诱导电子沉淀

DOI:
10.1029/2019ja027044
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Millan, R.
Millan, R.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marshall, R. A.;Xu, W.;Sousa, A.;McCarthy, M.;Millan, R.

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我们提出了详细的数值模拟,以预测预期的X射线签名从闪电引起的电子沉淀(LEP)事件。模拟包括闪电电磁脉冲的跨电离层传播;通过磁层的射线追踪,包括朗道阻尼;导致损失锥通量的波粒子相互作用;以及电子沉淀过程的蒙特卡罗模拟,包括韧致辐射光子的产生和传播到气球观测平台。包括建模表明,我们的模拟事件是一致的亚电离层甚低频观测的LEP。模拟表明,这些事件应该可以从基于气球的平台上观察到。然后将模拟的LEP事件特征,包括X射线通量,光谱和脉冲形状,与2013年1月拍摄的辐射带相对论电子损失气球阵列1U气球的高能X射线脉冲观测进行比较,并显示与观测高度一致。这些脉冲是在附近观测到的,而气球是在南极洲海岸附近,大约70°S,5-20°W。与GOES图像和全球闪电数据的相关性,以及对这些脉冲的时间和光谱特征的分析,导致了这些事件可能是LEP特征的初步建议。然而,只有一小部分的这些事件可以在全球闪电数据集中确定的原因闪电放电。这种较差的相关性可能部分归因于全球闪电网络错过了因果中风,尽管如此,我们讨论这些事件的其他可能的解释。
We present detailed numerical modeling to predict expected X‐ray signatures from lightning‐induced electron precipitation (LEP) events. Simulations include the transionospheric propagation of the lightning electromagnetic pulse; ray tracing through the magnetosphere, including Landau damping; wave‐particle interactions resulting in loss cone fluxes; and Monte Carlo simulation of the electron precipitation process, including bremsstrahlung photon production and propagation to a balloon observing platform. Modeling is included to show that our simulated events are consistent with subionospheric very low frequency observations of LEP. Simulations show that these events should be observable from balloon‐based platforms. The modeled LEP event signatures, including X‐ray flux, spectrum, and pulse shape, are then compared with observations of energetic X‐ray pulses from the Balloon Array for Radiation‐belt Relativistic Electron Losses 1U balloon taken in January 2013 and are shown to be highly consistent with the observations. The pulses were observed near , while the balloon was off the coast of Antarctica at about 70°S, 5–20°W. Correlations with GOES imagery and global lightning data, together with analysis of the temporal and spectral signatures of these pulses, led to the initial suggestion that these events could be signatures of LEP. However, for only a fraction of these events could a causative lightning discharge be identified in global lightning data sets. This poor correlation may be partially attributed to causative strokes being missed by the global lightning networks; nonetheless, we discuss other possible explanations for these events.
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