Percutaneous toxicity of uranyl nitrate:: Its effect in terms of exposure area and time
Percutaneous toxicity of uranyl nitrate:: Its effect in terms of exposure area and time
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DOI：
10.1097/00004032-200004000-00007
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Cabrini, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
López, R;Sylvester, PLD;Cabrini, RL
不同的研究小组开展了研究工作，重点关注铀的生物效应，并将肾脏和骨骼描述为铀中毒的主要靶器官。在这项研究中，我们使用皮肤作为铀的进入途径。我们在成年大鼠身上进行了两组实验：一组在不同部位局部应用硝酸铀酰（UN）;另一组在不同时间局部应用UN。在后一组实验中，通过用肥皂和水将UN从皮肤上去除来停止暴露于UN。取出肾脏和骨骼样本进行组织学研究，这项工作是基于确定受照射动物的存活率以及在肾脏和骨骼中引起的影响。暴露于铀的表面面积与暴露时间和随后的经皮毒性之间存在关系。在局部应用UN至8 cm（2）面积后，以及暴露时间为24 h时，均无存活动物。当局部面积或暴露于UN的时间减少时，动物的存活率增加。尽管我们的研究小组以前曾描述过由于UN中毒而抑制形而上学骨中的骨形成，但这是第一次在经皮暴露如此短的时间后发现这种效应。UN的一般毒性作用（表现为肾脏组织学改变）的严重程度随着研究的两个变量之一的增加而增加。这种情况可被视为对从事铀加工和提纯的工人有害。值得注意的是，用肥皂和水清洗等简单方法是降低UN经皮中毒致死率的有效方法。
Different groups have undertaken research work focusing their attention on the biological effects of uranium and have described kidney and bone to be the main target organs in uranium poisoning. In this study we used the skin as the route of entry of uranium. We carried out two sets of experiments in adult rats: in one of them topical applications with uranyl nitrate (UN) over different areas were performed; in the other topical applications with UN on a given area over different times were carried out, In the latter experiment the exposure to UN was stopped by removing it from skin with soap and water. Kidney and bone samples were removed for histological studies, This work is based on the determination of the survival rate of the exposed animals and on the effects elicited in kidney and bone. There is a relation between the area of the surface exposed to uranium and the time of exposure and the subsequent percutaneous toxicity. There were no surviving animals following topical application of UN to an 8 cm(2) area nor when the time of exposure was 24 h. The survival rate of the animals increased when either the topical area or the time of exposure to UN was reduced. Although the inhibition of bone formation in metaphysical bone has been previously described by our group as a result of UN poisoning, this is the first time that such an effect is found after percutaneous exposure for such short periods of time. The general toxic effects of UN, evidenced as kidney histological alterations, increased in severity as either one of the two variables studied increased. This is a condition that could be considered as hazardous for those workers engaged in uranium processing and purification. It is noteworthy that a simple method such as washing with soap and water is an effective method to reduce the lethality of UN percutaneous intoxication.