Probabilistic Verification Beyond Context-Freeness

Probabilistic Verification Beyond Context-Freeness
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超越上下文无关的概率验证

DOI:
10.1145/3531130.3533351
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Li G
Li G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li G

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概率下推自动机(递归状态机)是一种广为人知的概率计算模型,与许多关于终止(时间)和线性时间模型检验的可判定问题相关。高阶递归方案是分析高阶计算的一种重要形式,最近的研究表明,对于高阶递归方案的概率变体,即使是确定一个方案是否几乎必然终止的基本问题也是不可判定的。在这些结果的推动下,我们研究了受限概率树-堆栈自动机(RPTSA),它在不确定性环境下刻画了上下文无关语言的适当扩展,即多上下文无关语言。我们证明了几个验证问题,如几乎确定终止、正几乎确定终止和ω-正则模型检验,对于这类问题是可判定的,在高阶递归方案的水平上,这对应于能够验证MAHOR的概率版本(这是高阶递归方案的乘法-加法版本)。MAHOR推广了一阶递推格式,是二阶格式不可比的。
Probabilistic pushdown automata (recursive state machines) are a widely known model of probabilistic computation associated with many decidable problems concerning termination (time) and linear-time model checking. Higher-order recursion schemes (HORS) are a prominent formalism for the analysis of higher-order computation.Recent studies showed that, for the probabilistic variant of HORS, even the basic problem of determining whether a scheme terminates almost surely is undecidable. Moreover, the undecidability already holds for order-2 schemes (order-1 schemes are known to correspond to pushdown automata).Motivated by these results, we study restricted probabilistic tree-stack automata (rPTSA), which in the nondeterministic setting are known to characterise a proper extension of context-free languages, namely, the multiple context-free languages. We show that several verification problems, such as almost-sure termination, positive almost-sure termination and ω-regular model checking are decidable for this class.At the level of higher-order recursion schemes, this corresponds to being able to verify a probabilistic version of MAHORS (which are a multiplicative-additive version of higher-order recursion schemes). MAHORS extend order-1 recursion schemes and are incomparable with order-2 schemes.
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