Innate immune responses in hepatitis C virus infection.

Innate immune responses in hepatitis C virus infection.
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丙型肝炎病毒感染中的先天免疫反应。

DOI:
10.1007/s00281-012-0332-x
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发表时间:
2013-01
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Lemon, Stanley M.
Lemon, Stanley M.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li, Kui;Lemon, Stanley M.

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丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是世界范围内慢性肝炎和肝细胞癌的主要病原体,因此构成了重大的公共卫生威胁。HCV感染的一个标志是病毒在大多数感染者中持续存在的非凡能力。先天性免疫反应代表了人体在感染后立即对抗HCV的最前线防御。它们还在协调随后的HCV特异性适应性免疫中发挥关键作用,这对病毒清除至关重要。越来越多的证据表明,宿主已经进化出多方面的先天免疫机制来感知HCV感染并引发防御反应,而HCV已经开发出精心设计的策略来规避其中许多。定义HCV与宿主先天免疫的相互作用揭示了对丙型肝炎发病机制的机械见解,并为治疗方法提供信息。本文就干扰素抗病毒应答的诱导机制、效应机制以及HCV的逃避策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide and thus poses a significant public health threat. A hallmark of HCV infection is the extraordinary ability of the virus to persist in a majority of infected people. Innate immune responses represent the front line of defense of the human body against HCV immediately after infection. They also play a crucial role in orchestrating subsequent HCV-specific adaptive immunity that is pivotal for viral clearance. Accumulating evidence suggests that the host has evolved multifaceted innate immune mechanisms to sense HCV infection and elicit defense responses, while HCV has developed elaborate strategies to circumvent many of these. Defining the interplay of HCV with host innate immunity reveals mechanistic insights into hepatitis C pathogenesis and informs approaches to therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding innate immune responses to HCV infection, focusing on induction and effector mechanisms of the interferon antiviral response as well as the evasion strategies of HCV.
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