Extinction of biotic interactions due to habitat loss could accelerate the current biodiversity crisis
Extinction of biotic interactions due to habitat loss could accelerate the current biodiversity crisis
复制标题
由于栖息地丧失而导致的生物相互作用的消失可能会加速当前的生物多样性危机
DOI：
10.1002/eap.2608
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Tingley, Morgan W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sandor, Manette E.;Elphick, Chris S.;Tingley, Morgan W.
栖息地的丧失破坏了物种的相互作用，通过当地的排斥，可能孤儿物种依赖于相互作用的伙伴，通过互惠或共生，并增加了二次灭绝的风险。孤儿物种可能会在功能上灭绝或二次灭绝，从而加剧当前生物多样性危机的严重性。虽然栖息地的破坏是生物多样性丧失的主要原因，但次级灭绝的数量在很大程度上是未知的。我们调查栖息地丧失，孤儿物种和二分网络属性之间的关系。使用一个真实的种子传播网络，我们模拟栖息地的损失，估计在哪些物种是孤儿率。为了能够得出一般性的结论，我们还模拟了合成网络中的栖息地丧失，以量化网络属性的变化如何影响更广泛的参数空间中的孤儿率。真实的和合成的网络模拟都表明，即使是少量的栖息地丧失也会导致多达10%的物种成为孤儿。更多的面积损失，更少的连接网络，以及网络营养级物种丰富度的更大差异通常会导致更多的孤儿物种。随着栖息地因土地利用转换和气候变化而丧失，更多的孤儿物种增加了社区和生态系统功能的丧失。然而，影响的潜在严重程度从最小（没有物种成为孤儿）到灾难性（网络中高达60%的物种成为孤儿）不等。影响的严重性还取决于社区的互动丰富性和完整性对网络内冗余程度的影响程度。孤儿物种可能大大加剧全球生态系统功能的丧失和二次灭绝。
Habitat loss disrupts species interactions through local extinctions, potentially orphaning species that depend on interacting partners, via mutualisms or commensalisms, and increasing secondary extinction risk. Orphaned species may become functionally or secondarily extinct, increasing the severity of the current biodiversity crisis. While habitat destruction is a major cause of biodiversity loss, the number of secondary extinctions is largely unknown. We investigate the relationship between habitat loss, orphaned species, and bipartite network properties. Using a real seed dispersal network, we simulate habitat loss to estimate the rate at which species are orphaned. To be able to draw general conclusions, we also simulate habitat loss in synthetic networks to quantify how changes in network properties affect orphan rates across broader parameter space. Both real and synthetic network simulations show that even small amounts of habitat loss can cause up to 10% of species to be orphaned. More area loss, less connected networks, and a greater disparity in the species richness of the network's trophic levels generally result in more orphaned species. As habitat is lost to land‐use conversion and climate change, more orphaned species increase the loss of community‐level and ecosystem functions. However, the potential severity of repercussions ranges from minimal (no species orphaned) to catastrophic (up to 60% of species within a network orphaned). Severity of repercussions also depends on how much the interaction richness and intactness of the community affects the degree of redundancy within networks. Orphaned species could add substantially to the loss of ecosystem function and secondary extinction worldwide.