What is gun culture? Cultural variations and trends across the United States
What is gun culture? Cultural variations and trends across the United States
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DOI：
10.1057/s41599-020-0520-6
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发表时间：
2020-07-08
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alcorn, Ted
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boine, Claire;Siegel, Michael;Alcorn, Ted
我们开发了经验方法来识别各州枪支文化元素的变化。使用这些方法，我们分析了这些亚文化在1998年至2016年期间在各州之间的突出性。使用州一级的数据，我们进行了11个变量与枪支相关的行为，并保留了显着的组成部分的主成分分析。然后，我们分析了这些组件随着时间的推移和跨状态的存在。基于主成分分析，我们确定了三个文化差异。构成部分1反映了枪支文化的娱乐元素。第二部分是枪支文化中的自卫成分。第三部分是一个象征性的文化元素，围绕着保护第二修正案和叛乱。随着时间的推移，娱乐文化元素的重要性下降，而自卫元素上升，第二修正案的倡导元素保持稳定。本文通过对枪支文化文献的梳理，论证了：（1）枪支文化并非铁板一块;（2）枪支文化有多种成分，各州之间差异很大;（3）随着时间的推移，娱乐性枪支亚文化的重要性一直在下降，而自卫性枪支亚文化的重要性一直在上升;（4）还有另一种亚文化，与自卫亚文化不同，它包括围绕第二修正案的动员，并且在州枪支法最广泛的地方最强大。
We developed empirical methods to identify variations in elements of gun culture across states. Using these methods, we then analyzed the prominence of these subcultures between states and over time from 1998 through 2016. Using state-level data, we conducted a principal component analysis of 11 variables associated with gun-related behaviors and retained only the significant components. We then analyzed the presence of these components over time and across states. Based on the principal component analysis, we identified three cultural variations. Component 1 reflected recreational elements of gun culture. Component 2 represented a self-defense element of gun culture. Component 3 was indicative of a symbolic cultural element centered around the protection of the Second Amendment and insurrectionism. Over time, the recreational cultural element declined in prominence while the self-defense one rose and the Second Amendment advocacy one remained stable. This paper advances the literature on gun culture by demonstrating that: (1) gun culture is not monolithic; (2) there are multiple elements of gun culture that vary substantially between states; (3) over time, the recreational gun subculture has been falling in prominence whereas the self-defense subculture has been rising; and (4) there is another subculture, distinct from the self-defense one, which consists in mobilization around the Second Amendment and was strongest in places where state firearm laws are most extensive.