Disaster disparities and differential recovery in New Orleans
Disaster disparities and differential recovery in New Orleans
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DOI：
10.1007/s11111-009-0099-8
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cutter, Susan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Finch, Christina;Emrich, Christopher T.;Cutter, Susan L.
新奥尔良社会人口结构的历史差异决定了当地居民的社会脆弱性及其对卡特里娜飓风及其后果的反应。这些源自种族、阶级、性别和年龄差异的差异导致了这场灾难对新奥尔良各个社区的影响不平衡，更重要的是，对他们的恢复能力造成了不平衡的影响。本文探讨了新奥尔良现有的社会脆弱性如何与洪水暴露程度相互作用，从而在恢复的社会空间模式中产生不平等。通过结合统计和空间方法，我们发现了一种独特的恢复地理模式，表明卡特里娜飓风造成的社会负担和影响是不均衡的——洪水较少和较脆弱的地区比人口较多和洪水程度较高的地区恢复得更快。然而，还有一个更微妙的故事，这表明处于中等社会脆弱性的社区的复苏滞后。虽然私人资源和政府计划可以帮助社会脆弱性高低类别的群体，但中间群体的恢复速度最慢。此外，国会资助的路易斯安那州公路家园计划（旨在为路易斯安那州因卡特里娜和丽塔飓风而遭受房屋损坏的房主提供赔偿）似乎并没有对刺激该市的恢复产生显着效果。
The historical disparities in the socio-demographic structure of New Orleans shaped the social vulnerability of local residents and their responses to Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath. These disparities, derived from race, class, gender, and age differences, have resulted in the uneven impact of the catastrophe on various communities in New Orleans, and importantly, their ability to recover. This article examines how the pre-existing social vulnerabilities within New Orleans interacted with the level of flood exposure to produce inequities in the socio-spatial patterns of recovery. Utilizing a combination of statistical and spatial approaches, we found a distinct geographic pattern to the recovery suggesting that the social burdens and impacts from Hurricane Katrina are uneven-the less flooded and less vulnerable areas are recovering faster than tracts with more vulnerable populations and higher levels of flooding. However, there is a more nuanced story, which suggests that it is neighborhoods in the mid-range of social vulnerability where recovery is lagging. While private resources and government programs help groups in the high and low categories of social vulnerability, the middle group shows the slowest rates of recovery. Further, it appears that the congressionally funded State of Louisiana Road Home Program (designed to provide compensation to Louisiana's homeowners who suffered impacts by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita for the damage to their home) is not having a significant effect in stimulating recovery within the city.