Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the Apennine yellow-bellied toad Bombina pachypus, with implications for conservation
Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the Apennine yellow-bellied toad Bombina pachypus, with implications for conservation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03055.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Nascetti, Giuseppe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Canestrelli, Daniele;Cimmaruta, Roberta;Nascetti, Giuseppe
利用线粒体（598 bp的细胞色素B基因）和核（21个等位酶位点）标记，研究了意大利特有的亚平宁黄腹蟾蜍的17个种群的遗传变异。从中央卡拉布里亚（南部意大利）的人口表现出最高水平的种群内遗传变异，而位于该地区北部的样本几乎缺乏变异。这似乎是一个典型的模式，“南方丰富和北方纯度”，通常归因于长期人口稳定的南部避难所加上变化的损失在冰后期向北扩张。然而，观察到的遗传变异的整体格局有很强的地理成分，这表明两个卡拉布里亚平原，卡坦扎罗和克拉提-西巴里，作为历史的障碍，分散分离三个人口群体。这些研究结果不能解释的长期稳定的南部人口单独，并表明，南部的丰富性已至少部分地形成了异域分化的避难范围内，然后由混合以前分化的血统。从保护的角度来看，卡拉布里亚是这个物种的主要遗传多样性水库，因此值得特别保护的努力。此外，虽然低种群内遗传变异以外的卡拉布里亚似乎是明确的历史起源，目前减少基因流的证据表明，人类干扰也发挥了作用，特别是在人为影响的Volturno河流域。
Genetic variation was investigated in 17 populations of the Italian endemic Apennine yellow-bellied toad using both mitochondrial (598 bp of the cytochrome b gene) and nuclear (21 allozyme loci) markers. Populations from central Calabria (southern Italy) showed the highest levels of intrapopulation genetic variation, whereas samples located north of this region were nearly lacking in variation. This appears to be a typical pattern of 'southern richness and northern purity', usually attributed to the prolonged population stability within southern refugia coupled with the loss of variation during postglacial northward expansion. However, the overall pattern of genetic variation observed has a strong geographical component, suggesting two Calabrian plains, Catanzaro and Crati-Sibari, as historical barriers to dispersal separating three population groups. These findings cannot be explained by the prolonged stability of southern populations alone, and suggest that the southern richness has been at least in part shaped by allopatric differentiation within the refugial range, followed by intermixing of previously differentiated lineages. From a conservation standpoint, Calabria is the major genetic diversity reservoir for this species, thus deserving particular conservation efforts. Furthermore, although the low intrapopulation genetic variation outside Calabria appears to be of clear historical origin, evidence of a current reduction of gene flow suggests that human disturbance has also played a part, particularly in the anthropogenic impacted Volturno river drainage basin.